LEAD-ACID BATTERY WITH HIGH SPECIFIC POWER AND SPECIFIC ENERGY
The present disclosure includes a lead-acid battery having higher specific power and specific energy than prior known lead-acid batteries. A lead-acid electrochemical storage device is provided, comprising a specific power of between about 650 and about 3,050 Watts/kilogram; and a specific energy of between about 10 and about 80 Watt-hours/kilogram. In some embodiments, the device has a cycle life of greater than 150 cycles and is adapted for use in a vehicle application. The application comprises stop/start or the partial or complete electrification of the vehicle propulsion system. The device may have a bipolar or pseudo-bipolar design, multiple cells disposed within a common casing, and the cells are connected ionically within each cell and electronically between cells.
1 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises lead in the active material;
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to about 10 Watt-hours/kilogram; and
specific power greater than or equal to about 650 W/kg.
2 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
the device having specific energy greater than or equal to a value determined by the expression:
P> 1540−24 E
Where:
P=specific power (W/kg); and
E=specific energy (Wh/kg).
3 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
4 . The device of claim 2 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
5 . The device of claim 1 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
6 . The device of claim 2 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a depth of discharge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
7 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
one or more electrochemical cells;
said electrochemical cell comprising lead in the active material;
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to about 10 Wh/kg and less than or equal to about 80 Wh/kg; and
specific power greater than or equal to about 650 W/kg and less than or equal to about 3,000 W/kg.
8 . The device of claim 7 , further comprising:
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to a value determined by the expression:
P> 1540−24 E
Where:
P=specific power (W/kg); and
E=specific energy (Wh/kg).
9 . The device of claim 7 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
10 . The device of claim 8 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
11 . The device of claim 7 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
12 . The device of claim 8 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
13 . The device of claim 7 , further comprising two or more cells in series configuration or in parallel configuration.
14 . The device of claim 7 , further comprising two or more cells in parallel configuration.
15 . The device of claim 9 , further comprising one or more packs of cells.
16 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
one or more electrochemical cells;
said electrochemical cell comprising lead in the active material;
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to about 20 Watt-hours/kilogram; and
specific power greater than or equal to about 850 W/kg.
17 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising:
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to a value determined by the expression:
P> 1540-24 E
Where:
P=specific power (W/kg); and
E=specific energy (Wh/kg).
18 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
19 . The device of claim 17 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
20 . The device of claim 16 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
21 . The device of claim 17 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
22 . An electrochemical storage device, comprising:
one or more electrochemical cells;
said electrochemical cell comprising lead in the active material;
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to about 20 Wh/kg and less than or equal to about 50 Wh/kg; and
specific power greater than or equal to about 850 W/kg and less than or equal to about 2,000 W/kg.
23 . The device of claim 22 , further comprising:
said device having specific energy greater than or equal to a value determined by the expression:
P> 1540−24 E
Where:
P=specific power (W/kg); and
E=specific energy (Wh/kg).
24 . The device of claim 22 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
25 . The device of claim 23 , further comprising cycle life greater than or equal to about 150 cycles.
26 . The device of claim 22 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, and 50%.
27 . The device of claim 23 , further comprising said energy and power determined for a pulse characterized by a duration selected from the group consisting of 2 sec and 10 sec in duration, and a state-of-charge selected from the group consisting of 100%, 80%, or 50%.