Methods and apparatus for measuring nitric oxide in fluid
An exemplary apparatus for measuring nitric oxide in a fluid includes a sample injection port; a pump and reservoir; a valve; a measurement chamber; an electromagnetic radiation source; controls and user interface; and a cartridge. The cartridge includes a sample chamber a mix chamber; a sample degassing chamber; and a planar reaction chamber. The cartridge preferably is single-use and disposable. Furthermore, additional inventive aspects and features are disclosed related to measuring nitric oxide in a fluid.
1. A method for measuring a dissolved gas in a fluid comprising:
liberating the dissolved gas from the fluid within a reaction chamber configured to receive electromagnetic radiation;
capturing the liberated gas in a carrier gas in a sample degassing chamber fluidly connected to the reaction chamber for receiving the liberated gas; and
measuring the dissolved gas concentration within a measurement chamber fluidly connected to the sample degassing chamber using an electrochemical sensor.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved gas is nitric oxide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein liberating the dissolved gas from the fluid includes:
freeing the gas from its molecular bonds using electromagnetic radiation; and
outgassing the dissolved gas from the fluid.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein using electromagnetic radiation includes using a light emitting diode.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the outgassing includes heat vaporization.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein capturing the liberated gas includes capturing in an environment closed from ambient atmosphere.
7. An apparatus for measuring nitric oxide in a fluid, comprising:
a disposable component for containing liquid or solid residue from a fluid sample containing entrained nitric oxide and configured to liberate nitric oxide gas from the fluid sample within a reaction chamber configured to receive electromagnetic radiation; and
a reusable instrument component including a pump, a valve, a nitric oxide sensor, a control, and a user interface;
wherein the disposable component is configured to connect to the reusable instrument for supplying liberated nitric oxide gas to a measurement chamber having a nitric oxide sensor.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the disposable component is configured for a single use.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the means for liberating nitric oxide gas from the fluid includes a means for outgassing the nitric oxide gas from the fluid sample within a sample degassing chamber fluidly connected to the reaction chamber to receive freed nitric oxide gas.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the control includes a microprocessor.
11. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the nitric oxide sensor is an electrochemical sensor.
12. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the apparatus includes a means for capturing the nitric oxide gas.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the means for capturing the nitric oxide containing gas is closed to ambient atmosphere.
14. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the reusable instrument component includes the electromagnetic radiation source.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation source is a light emitting diode.
16. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the disposable component includes a means for containing the liquid and solid components of the fluid sample.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the means for containing the liquid and solid components of the fluid sample is a gas permeable membrane.
18. An apparatus for measuring nitric oxide in a fluid sample, comprising:
a gas pump for supplying a carrier gas flow from a carrier gas reservoir;
a valve selectively controlling the carrier gas flow from the carrier gas reservoir;
a cartridge comprising:
a sample chamber for receiving the fluid sample,
a reaction chamber fluidly connected to the sample chamber to receive the fluid sample and configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from an electromagnetic radiation source to free NO gas from the fluid sample, and
a sample degassing chamber fluidly connected to the reaction chamber to receive the fluid sample with freed NO gas and configured to receive thermal energy from a heater to drive outgassing of fluid through heat vaporization to outgas NO gas,
wherein the sample chamber is configured to receive the carrier gas to move the fluid sample from the sample chamber into the reaction chamber and into the sample degassing chamber; and
a measurement chamber fluidly connected to the sample degassing chamber for receiving the outgassed NO gas.