Thermomechanical processing of alpha-beta titanium alloys
One embodiment of a method of refining alpha-phase grain size in an alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises working an alpha-beta titanium alloy at a first working temperature within a first temperature range in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy. The alloy is slow cooled from the first working temperature. On completion of working at and slow cooling from the first working temperature, the alloy comprises a primary globularized alpha-phase particle microstructure. The alloy is worked at a second working temperature within a second temperature range in the alpha-beta phase field. The second working temperature is lower than the first working temperature. The is worked at a third working temperature in a third temperature range in the alpha-beta phase field. The third working temperature is lower than the second working temperature. After working at the third working temperature, the titanium alloy comprises a desired refined alpha-phase grain size.
1. A method of refining alpha-phase grain size in an alpha-beta titanium alloy, the method comprising:
working an alpha-beta titanium alloy at a first working temperature within a first temperature range, wherein the first temperature range is from a temperature 300° F. below a beta transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy to a temperature 30° F. below the beta transus temperature;
slow cooling the alpha-beta titanium alloy from the first working temperature, wherein on completion of working at the first working temperature and the slow cooling from the first working temperature, the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a primary globularized alpha-phase particle microstructure;
wherein the slow cooling occurs prior to any further working of the alpha-beta titanium alloy and comprises cooling the workpiece at a cooling rate no greater than 5° F. per minute;
working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a second working temperature within a second temperature range, wherein the second temperature range is from a temperature 600° F. below the beta transus temperature to a temperature 350° F. below the beta transus temperature; and
working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a third working temperature in a third temperature range, wherein the third working temperature is lower than the second working temperature, wherein the third temperature range is 1000° F. to 1400° F., and wherein after working at the third working temperature, the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a desired refined alpha-phase grain size.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alpha-beta titanium alloy is selected from Ti-6Al-4V alloy (UNS R56400), Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy (UNS R56401), a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy (UNS R54620), a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy (UNS R56260), and a Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy (UNS 54250).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alpha-beta titanium alloy is selected from Ti-6Al-4V alloy (UNS R56400) and Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy (UNS R56401).
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alpha-beta titanium alloy is a Ti-4Al-2.5V-1.5Fe alloy (UNS 54250).
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the slow cooling comprises furnace cooling.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the slow cooling comprises transferring the alpha-beta titanium alloy from a furnace chamber at the first working temperature to a furnace chamber at the second working temperature.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, before the slow cooling the alpha-beta titanium alloy from the first working temperature:
heat treating the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a heat treating temperature in a heat treating temperature range that is from a temperature 300° F. below a beta transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy up to a temperature 30° F. below the beta transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy; and
holding the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the heat treating temperature.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein holding the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the heat treating temperature comprises holding the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the heat treating temperature for 1 hour to 48 hours.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, after working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the second working temperature, annealing the alpha-beta titanium alloy.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein annealing the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises heating the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a temperature in an annealing temperature range of 500° F. below the beta transus temperature to 250° F. below the beta transus temperature for 30 minutes to 12 hours.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the first temperature, working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the second temperature, and working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the third temperature comprises open die press forging.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein each of the open die press forgings comprises upset forging.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein each of the open die press forgings comprises draw forging.
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein each of the open die press forgings comprises at least one of upset forging and draw forging.
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the third working temperature comprises radial forging the alpha-beta titanium alloy.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the first working temperature, working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the second working temperature, and working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the third working temperature comprises a plurality of open die press forgings, the method further comprising reheating the alpha-beta titanium alloy intermediate two successive press forgings.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein reheating the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises heating the alpha-beta titanium alloy to a previous working temperature and holding the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the previous working temperature for 30 minutes to 12 hours.
18. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
beta heat treating the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a beta heat treating temperature prior to working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the first working temperature;
wherein the beta heat treating temperature is within a temperature range from a beta transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy to a temperature 300° F. greater than the beta transus temperature of the alpha-beta titanium alloy; and
quenching the alpha-beta titanium alloy.
19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein beta heat treating the alpha-beta titanium alloy further comprises working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the beta heat treating temperature.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at the beta heat treating temperature comprises one or more of roll forging, swaging, cogging, open-die forging, impression-die forging, press forging, automatic hot forging, radial forging, upset forging, draw forging, and multiaxis forging.