LIGAND FUNCTIONALIZED POLYMERS
Ligand functionalized substrates, methods of making ligand functionalized substrates, and methods of using functionalized substrates are disclosed.
1 . A flocculant complex comprising a water soluble or water dispersible aminopolymer functionalized with guanidinyl groups, and target biological species selected from biomacromolecules and microbiological species.
2 . The flocculent complex of claim 1 wherein the aminopolymer functionalized with guanidinyl groups is of the formula:
wherein
R 2 is a H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 5 -C 12 (hetero)aryl, or a residue of the polymer chain;
each R 3 is independently H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, or C 5 -C 12 (hetero)aryl,
each R 4 is H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl or alkylene, C 5 -C 12 (hetero)aryl or (hetero)arylene, cyano, or —C(═NH)—N(R 2 )-Polymer,
Polymer is the aminopolymer chain; and
n is 1 or 2.
3 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein said biomacromolecules are selected from proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, and endotoxins.
4 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein said biological species is selected from bacteria, viruses, cells, cell debris, and spores.
5 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein the amino polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine, polylysine, polyaminoamides, polyallylamine, polyvinylamine, polydimethylamine-epichlorohydrin-ethylenediamine, polyaminosiloxanes and dendrimers formed from polyamidoamine (PAMAM) and polypropylenimine.
6 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein 0.1 to 100 mole percent of the available amino groups of the aminopolymer are functionalized with guanidinyl groups.
7 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein the guanidinyl groups of the functionalized aminopolymer are pendent from the polymer chain.
8 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein guanidinyl groups of the functionalized aminopolymer are in the aminopolymer chain.
9 . The flocculant complex of claim 4 wherein the cells are selected from archaea, bacteria, and eucaryota.
10 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein the biological species is derived from a cell culture or fermentation process.
11 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein the amount of ligand-functionalized polymer relative to the amount of target biological species is 0.01% to 100% by weight.
12 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein a portion of the amino groups of the ligand-functionalized polymer further comprise alkyl or acyl groups.
13 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein the functionalized aminopolymer is crosslinked.
14 . The flocculant complex of claim 1 wherein the functionalized aminopolymer is uncrosslinked.
15 . A method of separating a target biological species from a fluid comprising:
contacting the fluid with a ligand-functionalized polymer comprising:
a suspension or solution of water soluble or water dispersible aminopolymer functionalized with guanidinyl groups;
whereby a complex comprising the ligand-functionalized polymer and the target biological species is formed, and
separating the complex;
wherein said target biological species selected from biomacromolecules and microbiological species.
16 . The method of claim 15 wherein the fluid comprises a solution of a purified protein or enzyme after separating the complex.
17 . The method of claim 15 wherein the separated complex comprises a purified protein or enzyme.
18 . The method of claim 15 wherein the fluid has a salt content of at least 50 millimolar.
17 . The method of claim 15 wherein the amount of ligand-functionalized polymer relative to the amount of target biological species is 0.01% to 100% by weight.
18 . The method of claim 15 wherein the ligand-functionalized polymer is present in amounts of 0.01 to 5000 micrograms/mL of fluid.
19 . The method of claim 15 wherein 0.1 to 100 mole percent of the available amino groups of the aminopolymer is functionalized with guanidinyl groups.
20 . The method of claim 15 wherein the complex precipitates from the fluid.