WATER TREATMENT COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE
Methods for clarifying water, reducing turbidity of water, and removing phosphate from water include adding a water treatment composition having an aluminum-containing coagulant, and a natural non-charged polysaccharide, such as guar. The aluminum-containing compound can include polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum silicate chloride, polyaluminum silicate sulfate, or a combination thereof.
1 . A method for clarifying water or removing phosphate from water, comprising:
adding an aluminum-containing coagulant selected from polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum silicate chloride, polyaluminum silicate sulfate or a combination thereof, and a synergistic amount of a natural, non-charged polysaccharide to water containing matter;
forming agglomerations in the water comprising the matter, the aluminum-containing compound, and the polysaccharide; and
removing the agglomerations from the water to remove the matter from the water.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the natural, non-charged polysaccharide is guar.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adding the aluminum-containing coagulant and polysaccharide comprises adding a solution of aluminum-containing coagulant and guar.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adding the aluminum-containing coagulant and polysaccharide comprises adding solid forms of aluminum-containing coagulant and guar.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight polyaluminum chloride.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight aluminum chlorohydrate.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight polyaluminum chlorohydrate.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight aluminum sulfate.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight sodium aluminate.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight polyaluminum sulfate.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight polyaluminum silicate chloride.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is substantially 100% by weight polyaluminum silicate sulfate.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of polyaluminum chloride and water.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of aluminum chlorohydrate and water.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of polyaluminum chlorohydrate and water.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of aluminum sulfate and water.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of sodium aluminate and water.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of polyaluminum sulfate and water.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of polyaluminum silicate chloride and water.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant comprises a solution of polyaluminum silicate sulfate and water.
21 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is a solution made with the compound having the formula Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .xH 2 O.
22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant is a solution made with the compound having the formula Al 2 Cl(OH) 5 .
23 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of polysaccharide to aluminum-containing coagulant is about 1:34.
24 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of polysaccharide to aluminum-containing coagulant is about 1:48.
25 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of polysaccharide to aluminum-containing coagulant ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:100.
26 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing coagulant and the polysaccharide are added as a guar aluminum complex.
27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the guar aluminum complex is made by the process comprising adding solid guar to a solid aluminum-containing coagulant and adding water to the solid guar and aluminum-containing coagulant.
28 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound and polysaccharide are added together.
29 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound and polysaccharide are added separately.
30 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phosphate is orthophosphate.
31 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the matter in the water includes microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoans, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia oocysts; proteins, oils, fats, algae, hydrocarbons, metal oxides, metal oxide hydroxides, insoluble starches; pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals; fibers, polyaramids, dredging solids; suspended materials from mine tailings, graphite particles, carbon particles, suspended materials from oil or gas drilling or hydraulic fracturing; suspended matter in recreational or water derived from aquaculture operations or aquariums; suspended matter present in construction runoff; and suspended matter present in water from oil refinery operations.
32 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide is a natural non-charged polysaccharide selected from locust bean gum, starch, konjac, or cellulose.
33 . A method for clarifying water, comprising:
adding an aluminum-containing coagulant selected from polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, polyaluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum sulfate, polyaluminum silicate chloride, polyaluminum silicate sulfate or a combination thereof, and a synergistic amount of a natural, non-charged polysaccharide to water containing a phosphate compound;
forming agglomerations in the water comprising the phosphate compound, the aluminum-containing coagulant, and the polysaccharide; and
removing the agglomerations from the water to remove the phosphate compound from the water.
34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the phosphate compound is orthophosphate.
35 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the polysaccharide is guar.
36 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is polyaluminum chloride.
37 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is aluminum chlorohydrate.
38 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is polyaluminum chlorohydrate.
39 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is aluminum sulfate.
40 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is sodium aluminate.
41 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is polyaluminum sulfate.
42 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is polyaluminum silicate chloride.
43 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the aluminum-containing compound is polyaluminum silicate sulfate.
44 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the ratio of polysaccharide to aluminum-containing coagulant is about 1:34.
45 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the ratio of polysaccharide to aluminum-containing coagulant is about 1:48.
46 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the ratio of polysaccharide to aluminum-containing coagulant ranges from about 1:10 to about 1:100.