Apparatus and method for forming a transparent conductive oxide layer over a substrate using a laser

1. A method of forming a transparent conductive oxide layer, the method comprising:

irradiating at least a portion of an amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer on a substrate with a laser beam to form one or more nucleation sites therein,

wherein the irradiated amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer requires less thermal load to crystallize than the amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

annealing the irradiated amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer at a temperature of between about 400° C. and about 550° C. for between 10 minutes and 20 minutes.

3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

annealing the irradiated amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer at a temperature of between about 550° C. and about 750° C. for less than 10 minutes.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide layer comprises crystalline cadmium stannate.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer comprises a material containing cadmium and tin.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer comprises a cadmium tin oxide.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser irradiation is continuous and forms a nucleation layer within the amorphous transparent conductive oxide layer.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising moving the substrate past a laser beam source, wherein the step of irradiating occurs in a laser irradiation pattern that is substantially perpendicular to a movement direction of the substrate.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the laser irradiation pattern is linear.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the laser irradiation pattern is an arrangement of spots.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the laser irradiation pattern is an arrangement of lines.