Adaptive X-ray filter and method for adaptive attenuation of X-ray radiation

1. An adaptive x-ray filter for changing a local intensity of x-ray radiation, the adaptive x-ray filter comprising:

a first fluid operable to absorb at least some of the x-ray radiation;

positioning elements that are hydraulically moveable and are operable to change a layer thickness of the first fluid at a location of a respective positioning element of the positioning elements by at least partly displacing the first fluid; and

a flexible first membrane that is transparent for the x-ray radiation, the flexible first membrane separating the first fluid from the positioning elements,

wherein the flexible first membrane is moveable by the positioning elements.

2. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positioning elements are arranged in a plane at right angles to the x-ray radiation, in a honeycomb matrix, or in the plane at right angles to the x-ray radiation and in the honeycomb matrix.

3. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

a cover plate arranged above the first fluid,

wherein the flexible first membrane is pushable by the positioning elements, and

wherein the cover plate and the flexible first membrane form a cavity for the first fluid.

4. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising:

a second fluid arranged below the flexible first membrane, an x-ray radiation absorption property of the second fluid being the same as an x-ray radiation absorption property of the positioning elements.

5. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 3 , wherein each positioning element of the positioning elements is configured in the shape of a mushroom and includes a cap and a stem.

6. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 3 , further comprising:

a flexible second membrane arranged below the positioning elements, the flexible second membrane being moveable in a location-dependent manner hydraulically in a direction of the positioning elements, and as a result, the positioning elements operable to move in a direction of the first fluid such that the positioning elements locally change the layer thickness of the first fluid.

7. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

a second fluid arranged below the flexible first membrane, an x-ray radiation absorption property of the second fluid being the same as an x-ray radiation absorption property of the positioning elements.

8. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the positioning elements are surrounded by the second fluid.

9. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 7 , wherein each positioning element of the positioning elements is configured in the shape of a mushroom and includes a cap and a stem.

10. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising:

a flexible second membrane arranged below the positioning elements, the flexible second membrane being moveable in a location-dependent manner hydraulically in a direction of the positioning elements, and as a result, the positioning elements operable to move in a direction of the first fluid such that the positioning elements locally change the layer thickness of the first fluid.

11. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

a flexible second membrane arranged below the positioning elements, the flexible second membrane being moveable in a location-dependent manner hydraulically in a direction of the positioning elements, and as a result, the positioning elements operable to move in a direction of the first fluid such that the positioning elements locally change the layer thickness of the first fluid.

12. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 11 , further comprising:

a distributor plate arranged below the flexible second membrane, the distributor plate comprising supply lines for a third fluid, a hydraulic pressure being exertable on the positioning elements with the third fluid.

13. An adaptive x-ray filter for changing a local intensity of x-ray radiation, the adaptive x-ray filter comprising:

a first fluid operable to absorb at least some of the x-ray radiation; and

positioning elements that are hydraulically moveable and are operable to change a layer thickness of the first fluid at a location of a respective positioning element of the positioning elements by at least partly displacing the first fluid,

wherein each positioning element of the positioning elements is configured in the shape of a mushroom and includes a cap and a stem.

14. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 13 , further comprising:

a flexible first membrane separating the first fluid from the positioning elements; and

a second fluid arranged below the flexible first membrane,

wherein the positioning elements are surrounded by the second fluid.

15. An adaptive x-ray filter for changing a local intensity of x-ray radiation, the adaptive x-ray filter comprising:

a first fluid operable to absorb at least some of the x-ray radiation;

positioning elements that are hydraulically moveable and are operable to change a layer thickness of the first fluid at a location of a respective positioning element of the positioning elements by at least partly displacing the first fluid; and

a flexible first membrane that is transparent for the x-ray radiation, the flexible first membrane separating the first fluid from the positioning elements,

wherein the positioning elements are arranged in a plane at right angles to the x-ray radiation, in a honeycomb matrix, or in the plane at right angles to the x-ray radiation and in the honeycomb matrix.

16. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 15 , further comprising:

a cover plate arranged above the first fluid,

wherein the flexible first membrane is pushable by the positioning elements, and

wherein the cover plate and the flexible first membrane form a cavity for the first fluid.

17. The adaptive x-ray filter as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising:

a second fluid arranged below the flexible first membrane, an x-ray radiation absorption property of the second fluid being the same as an x-ray radiation absorption property of the positioning elements.

18. A method for changing a local intensity of x-ray radiation using an adaptive x-ray filter, the method comprising:

hydraulically moving a positioning element of the adaptive x-ray filter arranged in a plane;

changing a layer thickness of a first fluid absorbing at least some of the x-ray radiation at a location of the positioning element, the changing comprising at least partly displacing, by the positioning element, the first fluid; and

separating the first fluid from the positioning element by a flexible first membrane, wherein the flexible first membrane is moveable by the positioning element.