Method and system for forming plug and play metal catalysts
A metal catalyst is formed by vaporizing a quantity of metal and a quantity of carrier forming a vapor cloud. The vapor cloud is quenched forming precipitate nanoparticles comprising a portion of metal and a portion of carrier. The nanoparticles are impregnated onto supports. The supports are able to be used in existing heterogeneous catalysis systems. A system for forming metal catalysts comprises means for vaporizing a quantity of metals and a quantity of carrier, quenching the resulting vapor cloud and forming precipitate nanoparticles comprising a portion of metals and a portion of carrier. The system further comprises means for impregnating supports with the nanoparticles.
1. A metal catalyst prepared by a method comprising:
a. forming a quantity of nanoparticles comprising:
(i) loading feed material in a powdered form, the feed material comprising a quantity of catalyst material and a quantity of carrier material in a desired ratio of catalyst material to carrier material, into a plasma reactor,
(ii) vaporizing the quantity of catalyst material and the quantity of carrier material in the plasma reactor to form a vapor cloud of catalyst and carrier material, and
(iii) quenching the vapor cloud of catalyst material and carrier material in a highly turbulent quench chamber to form solidified nanoparticles comprising catalyst material and carrier material, wherein the solidified nanoparticles comprise a first portion comprising the catalyst material bonded to a second portion comprising the carrier material;
b. providing a quantity of supports; and
c. combining the supports with the nanoparticles by suspending the nanoparticles in a solution, thereby forming a suspension, and combining the suspension with the supports.
2. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the supports comprise pores and voids.
3. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst material comprises a metal or a metal alloy.
4. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the carrier material comprises an oxide.
5. The metal catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the oxide comprises silica, alumina, yttria, zirconia, titania, ceria, or baria.
6. The metal catalyst of claim 1 wherein combining the supports with the nanoparticles further comprises mixing the combined suspension and supports.
7. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the suspension further comprises a dispersant or surfactant.
8. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein combining the supports with the nanoparticles comprises mixing the suspension with a slurry having the supports suspended therein.
9. The metal catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the slurry comprises an organic solvent or an aqueous solvent.
10. The metal catalyst of claim 8 , wherein the slurry does not react with the nanoparticles.
11. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises drying the combined supports and nanoparticles.
12. The metal catalyst of claim 11 , further comprising combining the dried supports and nanoparticles with a suspension comprising nanoparticles to increase the loading of nanoparticles on the supports and then drying the supports.
13. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the supports have pores and the method further comprises exposing the supports to heat, pressure or a combination thereof, thereby bonding the nanoparticles onto the supports.
14. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises agitating the combined suspension and the supports, thereby aiding the impregnation of the supports with the nanoparticles.
15. The metal catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the highly turbulent quench chamber comprises a frusto-conical body having a wide end, a narrow end, and a quench region formed between the wide end and the narrow end, and a reactive mixture inlet configured to receive the vapor cloud and to supply the vapor cloud into the quench region in the direction of the narrow end, wherein the quench chamber further comprises at least one conditioning fluid inlet configured to supply a conditioning fluid into the quench region in the direction of the narrow end.