Implantable cell device with supportive and radial diffusive scaffolding

1. An implantable cell device comprising:

a membrane defining and enclosing a chamber, wherein the membrane is connected to a chamber top at a first end and a chamber bottom at a second end, wherein the first end and the second end of the chamber are closed with a plug;

a distance means comprising a body extending longitudinally from the first end to the second end of the chamber within the chamber, wherein the distance means reduces diffusion distance for a biologically active factor to or across the membrane relative to a chamber lacking the distance means; and

a plurality of bristles secured to the distance means within the chamber, wherein the plurality of bristles increases a cell support surface area per unit volume of the chamber for distributing cells relative to a chamber lacking the plurality of bristles.

2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the cells are capable of secreting a biologically active factor or providing a biological function to a recipient.

3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the biologically active factor is selected from a group consisting of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, lymphokines, enzymes, biological response modifiers, growth factors, antibodies and trophic factors.

4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane is made up of a material selected from a group consisting of polyacrylates including acrylic copolymers, polyvinylidenes, polyvinyl chloride copolymers, polyurethanes, polystyrenes, polyamides, cellulose acetates, cellulose nitrates, polysulfones including polyether sulfones, polyphosphazenes, polyacrylonitriles, poly(acrylonitrile/covinyl chloride), polytetrafluoroethylene, and derivatives, copolymers and mixtures thereof.

5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance means extends through the first end of the chamber.

6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-section of the distance means includes a shape selected from the group consisting of a regular shape, an irregular shape, a symmetrical shape, an asymmetrical shape and a combination thereof.

7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance means is made of a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, an alloy, a polymer and a combination thereof.

8. The device according to claim 7 , wherein:

the metal includes a medical grade titanium or stainless steel;

the alloy includes a medical grade titanium or stainless steel; and

the polymer includes acrylic, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacetonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamides, polyurethanes, polybutester, silk, cotton, chitin, carbon or biocompatible metals.

9. The device according to claim 8 , wherein the distance means comprises a twisted wire.

10. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance means is placed such that:

at least one end of the distance means is at a centre of the cross-section of the chamber; or

the ends of the distance means are off-centre to the cross-sectional centres of the chamber.

11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles are spread around and along at least a part of a length of the distance means.

12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles are intertwined into a twisted wire to constitute a brush scaffold.

13. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles comprises a coating of a cell-adhesive agent or cell viability enhancing substance.

14. The device according claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles divides the chamber into a plurality of compartments defining sub-volumes within the chamber.

15. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of bristles is made of a biocompatible, substantially non-degradable material selected from the group consisting of acrylic, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacetonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyamides, polyurethanes, polybutester, silk, cotton, chitin, carbon and biocompatible metals.

16. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of distance means.

17. The device according to claim 16 , wherein at least one of the plurality of distance means comprises the plurality of bristles.

18. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is connected with a distal end of an elongated tether.

19. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the diameter of the distance means having circular cross-section relative to the diameter of the chamber having circular cross section is in the range of approximately 1:5 to close to 1:1.

20. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the distance means includes a circular cross-section having a diameter of approximately 50-1000 μm.

21. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is an elongated cylindrical capsule with a plug in each end.