Heterogenous acoustic structure formed from a homogeneous material

1. An acoustic structure, comprising:

a layer of piezoelectric material having a first Young's modulus called an intrinsic modulus and a first density called an intrinsic density,

wherein the layer of piezoelectric material comprises:

at least one first zone (Z 1 ) having said first Young's modulus and said first density; and

at least one second zone (Z 2 ) buried in the volume of said layer of piezoelectric material and having a second Young's modulus and/or a second density, wherein the second zone (Z 2 ) comprises inclusions of which a size is smaller than an acoustic wavelength at a frequency lower than a few tens of gigahertz.

2. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said structure comprises electrodes on the surface of said layer, so as to generate acoustic waves.

3. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the layer of piezoelectric material further comprises a buried sublayer of inclusions and/or of a new phase so as to create a guide for elastic waves.

4. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising at least one first upper electrode and one second upper electrode, the second zone comprising periodic sublayers of inclusions and/or new phases defining a buried Bragg mirror structure, so as to define a bulk SMR-type wave resonator.

5. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second zone comprises periodic structures of inclusions and/or new phases so as to define a phononic crystal structure.

6. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising upper electrodes defining coupled resonator structures separated by a second zone of second Young's modulus and/or of second density so as to optimize the coupling between said resonators.

7. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising third zones of third Young's modulus and/or of third density comprising inclusions and/or a new phase on the periphery of the two coupled resonators so as to decrease propagation of the lateral acoustic waves in the piezoelectric material in said third zones more greatly than in said second zones, the density of inclusions and/or their nature and/or the phase in the third zones being different to those of the second zones.

8. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acoustic structure is made by a process comprising the following steps:

producing a mask so as to isolate said second zone from said first zone; and

implanting and/or diffusing atoms so as to define said second zone through the mask by creating a new phase and/or inclusions.

9. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the process further comprises at least one step of producing electrodes, said structure being an acoustic wave resonator.

10. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the process further comprises an annealing step after the step of implanting and/or diffusing atoms.

11. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the process further comprises successive operations of implanting and/or diffusing atoms at similar energies so as to create a second continuous implantation and/or diffusion zone.

12. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the process further comprises a step of removing said mask.

13. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the size of inclusions is in a range of a few tens of nanometers and the acoustic wavelength is in a range of a few hundred nanometers.

14. An acoustic structure, comprising:

a layer of piezoelectric material having a first Young's modulus called an intrinsic modulus and a first density called an intrinsic density,

wherein the layer of piezoelectric material comprises:

at least one first zone (Z 1 ) having said first Young's modulus and said first density; and

at least one second zone (Z 2 ) buried in the volume of said layer of piezoelectric material and having a second Young's modulus and/or a second density, wherein the second zone (Z 2 ) comprises a new phase with substitution of at least one atom of the piezoelectric material.

15. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the material is lithium niobate LiNbO 3 , and the second zone comprises a new phase comprising a material of the type H x Li (1−x) NbO 3 having said second Young's modulus.

16. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 14 , wherein said structure comprises electrodes on the surface of said layer, so as to generate acoustic waves.

17. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the layer of piezoelectric material further comprises a buried sublayer of inclusions and/or of a new phase so as to create a guide for elastic waves.

18. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising at least one first upper electrode and one second upper electrode, the second zone comprising periodic sublayers of inclusions and/or new phases defining a buried Bragg mirror structure, so as to define a bulk SMR-type wave resonator.

19. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the second zone comprises periodic structures of inclusions and/or new phases so as to define a phononic crystal structure.

20. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 14 , further comprising upper electrodes defining coupled resonator structures separated by a second zone of second Young's modulus and/or of second density so as to optimize the coupling between said resonators.

21. The acoustic structure as claimed in claim 20 , further comprising third zones of third Young's modulus and/or of third density comprising inclusions and/or a new phase on the periphery of the two coupled resonators so as to decrease propagation of the lateral acoustic waves in the piezoelectric material in said third zones more greatly than in said second zones, the density of inclusions and/or their nature and/or the phase in the third zones being different to those of the second zones.