Orthopedic implant with porous polymer bone contacting surface
The present disclosure relates to orthopedic implants including a porous, non-metallic, bone interface or outer bone contacting surface adapted for promoting bone ingrowth into the pores of such surface. The present disclosure also relates to orthopedic implants having a porous, non-metallic and/or polymeric bone interface or outer bone contacting surface wherein the implant has a stiffness that approaches or substantially matches the stiffness of the surrounding bone and thereby reduces the effects of stress shielding. The present disclosure also relates to methods of making such implants.
1. An orthopedic device for implantation into bone tissue comprising:
a bone fixation member having a core; and
an outer polymeric body surrounding at least a portion of the core;
the outer polymeric body including:
an inner portion;
an outer portion further defining a porous bone contacting surface adapted for bone tissue ingrowth, wherein the outer portion has a greater porosity than the inner portion; and
an intermediate portion positioned between the inner portion and the outer portion, wherein the intermediate portion includes a first region and a second region, and wherein the first region is positioned between the inner portion and the second region and has a greater porosity than the inner portion and the second region.
2. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein the inner portion, the intermediate portion, and the outer portion of the polymeric body comprise a unitary structure.
3. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein the inner portion and the second region are solid polymers.
4. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein the second region is a solid polymer region and the first region is a porous polymer region.
5. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein the inner portion and the second region are substantially non-porous and the outer portion and the first region are substantially porous.
6. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric body is formed of at least one of polymethacrylate, polyaryletherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, self reinforced polyphenylene, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
7. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein the core is formed of at least one of titanium, titanium alloy, and cobalt-chromium alloy.
8. The orthopedic device of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the porous bone contacting surface includes a surface treatment selected to enhance bone tissue ingrowth.
9. The orthopedic device of claim 8 , wherein the surface treatment is hydroxyapatite.
10. A method for making an implantable orthopedic device, comprising:
introducing a first polymer into a mold;
introducing a second polymer into the mold to force the first polymer to an interior surface of the mold to provide a polymeric body having an inner portion and outer portion, the outer portion comprising a polymeric bone contacting surface;
forming pores in at least the bone contacting surface; and
exposing the pores of the polymeric bone contacting surface.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymethacrylate, polyaryletherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketonekeytone, and self reinforced polyphenylene.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymethacrylate, polyaryletherketone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherketoneketone, self reinforced polyphenylene, polyolefin, polyester, polyimide, polyamide, and polyacrylate.
13. The method of claim 10 , comprising treating at least a portion of the polymeric bone contacting surface with hydroxyapatite.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first and second polymers are the same.
15. The method of claim 10 , comprising providing a core in the mold prior to introducing the first polymer.
16. The method of claim 10 , comprising introducing a pore forming agent into the first polymer.
17. The method of claim 10 , comprising introducing a pore forming agent into the second polymer.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein one of the first polymer and the second polymer includes a pore forming agent selected from the group consisting of an expanding agent, a blowing agent, and a supercritical fluid.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein exposing the pores of the polymeric bone contacting surface includes removing a portion of the polymeric body.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein removing the portion of the polymeric body includes at least one of machining, grinding, sanding, and combinations thereof.