Low profile antenna for in body device
Low profile antennas for ingestible devices, such as ingestible event markers, are provided. Aspects of the ingestible devices of the invention include low profile signal transmission antennas configured such that they are flexible or degrade after use, allowing the antenna and attached components to pass easily through the body. Embodiments of the low profile antennas are configured to emit a detectable signal upon contact with a target physiological site. Also provided are methods of making and using the devices of the invention.
1. An ingestible event marker comprising:
a wall configured to dissolve in body fluid;
an ingestible identifier located within the wall, the ingestible identifier comprising an integrated circuit configured to emit a signal when activated at a target site within a body, wherein the integrated circuit comprises a signal generation element coupled to an antenna that is at least partially coated and configured to transmit the signal to a receiver located outside the body;
an ingestible battery located within the wall, the ingestible battery comprising two dissimilar electrochemical materials which constitute an anode and a cathode of the battery, wherein the battery produces a potential difference to drive the signal generation element when the two dissimilar electrochemical materials come in contact with a fluid within the body;
wherein the at least partially coated antenna has a first configuration prior to ingestion and a second configuration after ingestion;
wherein the at least partially coated antenna comprises a first end and a second end and defines an effective area related to the distance between the first and second ends, wherein the effective area in the first configuration is different than the effective area in the second configuration; and
wherein the ingestible battery and the at least partially coated antenna are exposed to the body fluid during operation after the wall is at least partially dissolved in the body fluid.
2. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the effective area of the at least partially coated antenna is the area of the at least partially coated antenna that is usable for signal generation and transmission.
3. The ingestible event marker according to claim 1 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna comprises at least one transmission element.
4. The ingestible event marker according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one transmission element comprises at least one electrode.
5. The ingestible event marker according claim 4 , wherein the effective area is related to a distance between two electrodes.
6. The ingestible event marker according to claim 5 , wherein the distance between the two electrodes is proportional to the effective area ability of the antenna to both transmit and receive signals.
7. The ingestible event marker according to claim 3 , wherein the transmission element comprises at least one coil.
8. The ingestible event marker according to claim 7 , wherein the effective area of the coil is related to a product of a number of turns in the coil and a cross-sectional area of the coil.
9. The ingestible event marker according to claim 8 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna is capable of transitioning from a coiled configuration to a linear configuration.
10. The ingestible event marker according to claim 9 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna is configured in the coiled configuration for signal transmission or reception and in configured in the linear configuration after signal transmission or reception.
11. The ingestible event marker of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna is configured for electromagnetic radiative coupling.
12. A system comprising:
a wall configured to dissolved in body fluid;
an ingestible identifier located within the wall, the ingestible identifier comprising an integrated circuit configured to emit a signal when activated at a target site within a body, wherein the integrated circuit comprises a signal generation element coupled to an antenna that is at least partially coated configured to transmit the signal outside the body;
an ingestible battery located within the wall, the ingestible battery comprising two dissimilar electrochemical materials which constitute an anode and a cathode of the battery, wherein the battery produces a potential difference to drive the signal generation element when the two dissimilar electrochemical materials come in contact with a fluid within the body;
wherein the at least partially coated antenna has a first configuration prior to ingestion and a second configuration after ingestion;
wherein the at least partially coated antenna comprises a first end and a second end and defines an effective area related to the distance between the first and second ends, wherein the effective area in the first configuration is different than the effective area in the second configuration;
a receiver located outside the body, the receiver configured to detect the signal produced by the signal generation element; and
wherein the ingestible battery and the at least partially coated antenna are exposed to the body fluid during operation after the wall is at least partially dissolved in the body fluid.
13. The system according to claim 12 , wherein the effective area of the at least partially coated antenna is the area of the at least partially coated antenna that is usable for signal generation and transmission.
14. The system according to claim 12 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna comprises at least one transmission element.
15. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one transmission element comprises at least one electrode.
16. The system according claim 15 , wherein the effective area is related to a distance between two electrodes.
17. The system according to claim 16 , wherein the distance between the two electrodes is proportional to the effective area ability of the antenna to both transmit and receive signals.
18. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the transmission element comprises at least one coil.
19. The system according to claim 18 , wherein the effective area of the coil is related to a product of a number of turns in the coil and a cross-sectional area of the coil.
20. The system marker according to claim 19 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna is capable of transitioning from a coiled configuration to a linear configuration.
21. The system according to claim 20 , wherein the at least partially coated antenna is configured in the coiled configuration for signal transmission or reception and in configured in the linear configuration after signal transmission or reception.
22. An ingestible event marker comprising:
a wall configured to dissolve in body fluid;
an ingestible identifier located within the wall, the ingestible identifier comprising an integrated circuit configured to emit a signal when activated at a target site within the body, wherein the integrated circuit comprises a signal generation element coupled to a low profile antenna that is at least partially coated and configured to transmit the signal to a receiver located outside the body;
an ingestible battery located within the wall, the ingestible battery comprising two dissimilar electrochemical materials which constitute an anode and a cathode of the battery, wherein the battery produces a potential difference to drive the signal generation element when the two dissimilar electrochemical materials come in contact with a fluid within the body;
wherein the at least partially coated low profile antenna has a first configuration prior to ingestion and a second configuration after ingestion;
wherein the at least partially coated low profile antenna comprises a first end and a second end and defines an effective area related to the distance between the first and second ends, wherein the effective area in the first configuration is different than the effective area in the second configuration, wherein the second configuration is more flexible than the first configuration; and
wherein the ingestible battery and the at least partially coated low profile antenna are exposed to the body fluid during operation after the wall is at least partially dissolved in the body fluid.
23. The ingestible event marker according to claim 22 , wherein the flexible second configuration allows the at least partially coated low profile antenna to pass easily through the body after signal transmission.
24. The ingestible event marker of claim 22 , wherein the at least partially coated low profile antenna comprises a first and a second transmission element separated by flexible conductor.
25. The ingestible event marker according to claim 24 , wherein the at least partially coated low profile antenna is linear in the second configuration.
26. The ingestible event marker according to claim 25 , wherein the at least partially coated low profile antenna ranges in length from 100 μm to 10 cm.
27. The ingestible event marker according to claim 25 , wherein the at least partially coated low profile antenna forms a loop in the second configuration.
28. The ingestible event marker according to claim 22 , wherein the ingestible identifier is activated upon contact with fluid at the target site.
29. The ingestible event marker according to claim 28 , wherein the target fluid is stomach fluid.
30. The ingestible event marker according to claim 22 , wherein the ingestible identifier comprises a power source.
31. The ingestible event marker according to claim 30 , wherein the power source comprises a battery.
32. The ingestible event marker according to claim 22 , wherein the low profile at least partially coated antenna is configured to conform to ingestible pill dimensions.
33. The ingestible event marker according to claim 22 , further comprising an active agent stably associated with the signal generation element.