A torque sensor which detects a deflection angle between an input and an output shaft which are aligned with a shaft axis. An annular sine ring, annular cosine ring, and annular flux return ring, each constructed of a ferromagnetic material, are coaxially disposed around the shaft axis. A sine spoke has one end attached to the output shaft and its other end closely adjacent the sine ring and, similarly, a cosine spoke is secured to the output shaft at one end and is positioned closely adjacent the cosine ring at its other end. A pair of flux return spokes are also secured to the output shaft, each diametrically opposed from the sine or cosine spoke, and have their outer ends closely adjacent the return ring. A magnetic flux bridge is formed between the return flux ring and the sine ring as well as the cosine ring while magnetic sensors determine the magnitude of the flux across each bridge. A magnet is attached to the input shaft and positioned midway between the cosine spoke and sine spoke so that deflection between the input shaft and output shaft varies the magnitude of magnetic flux across each bridge.
1. A torque sensor which detects a deflection angle between an input shaft and an output shaft, the input shaft and output shaft being aligned with a shaft axis, said sensor comprising:
an annular sine ring, annular cosine ring and annular flux return ring coaxially disposed around the shaft axis, said sine ring, cosine ring and flux return ring being constructed of a ferromagnetic material and fixed against rotation relative to the input and output shafts,
a sine spoke secured to one of said input and output shafts and having an outer periphery closely adjacent said sine ring,
a cosine spoke secured to said one of said input and output shafts and having an outer periphery closely adjacent said cosine ring, said cosine spoke being angularly offset from said cosine spoke by a predetermined angle,
a pair of flux return spokes,
one flux return spoke being connected at one end to said one of said input and output shafts and diametrically opposed from said sine ring, said one flux return spoke having an outer periphery closely adjacent said flux return ring,
the other flux return spoke being connected at one end to said one of said input and output shafts and diametrically opposed from said cosine ring, said one flux return spoke having an outer periphery closely adjacent said flux return ring,
all of said spokes being constructed of a ferromagnetic material,
a sine magnetic flux bridge formed between said sine ring and said flux return ring and a cosine magnetic flux bridge formed between said cosine ring and said flux return ring,
a pair of flux sensors, one flux sensor positioned to measure the magnitude of flux passing through each bridge,
a magnet attached to the other of said input and output shafts, said magnet having a pole positioned angularly between both said sine spoke and said cosine spoke, and
a circuit which receives the signals from the flux sensors and generates an output signal representative of the angular deflection between the input shaft and output shaft.
2. The torque sensor as defined in claim 1 wherein said magnet is a unipole magnet.
3. The torque sensor as defined in claim 1 wherein said spokes are connected to said output shaft.
4. The torque sensor as defined in claim 1 wherein one bridge contains an area of reduced spacing between said sine ring and said flux return ring.
5. The torque sensor as defined in claim 4 wherein the other bridge contains an area of reduced spacing between said cosine ring and said flux return ring.
6. The torque sensor as defined in claim 1 wherein said input and output shaft comprises steering wheel input and output shafts for an automotive vehicle.
7. The torque sensor as defined in claim 1 wherein said magnet is positioned angularly midway between said sine spoke and said cosine spoke.
8. The torque sensor as defined in claim 1 wherein said predetermined angle is substantially 90 degrees.