Ion torrent genomic sequencing
Disclosed is an enhanced method for rapid and cost-effective analysis of sequences of a microorganism by semi-conductor sequencing, preferably ion-torrent sequencing. This method provides for full length analysis and of multiple areas (e.g. genes) of multiple genomes. These methods identify genetic mutations of a particular gene that are responsible for conferring resistance or sensitivity to an antibiotic or other chemical compound. Multiple different species, strains and/or serotypes of a particular organism are rapidly and efficiently screened and mutations identified along with the complete genome of an organism. By selecting primers pairs of similar size and GC content that produce amplicons with sequences spanning the entire genome, a single PCR reaction analyzed by ion torrent methodology can determine the sequence of a complete genome. Methods are useful to sequences the genomes of viral agents, such as influenza virus, and bacterial agents, such as tuberculosis bacteria.
1. A method for determining a complete sequence of a target gene or genome of a microorganism, wherein the target gene or genome is greater than 1 Mb in length, comprising:
producing a series of amplicons by performing a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the target in an aqueous mixture containing a heat-stable polymerase; a mix of deoxynucleotide triphosphates; a chelating agent; a salt; a buffer; a stabilizing agent; and a plurality of primer pairs wherein each primer of the plurality of primer pairs has a similar annealing temperature and wherein each primer pair is designed to PCR amplify an amplicon representing a portion of the sequence of the nucleic acid target, and the series of amplicons that are PCR amplified represent overlapping portions of the complete sequence of the target;
sequencing each of the series of amplicons by semi-conductor sequencing, and
correlating the sequences of the amplicons and constructing the complete sequence of the target.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the primers of the multiple primer pairs comprise primers that are from 15 to 25 nucleic acids in length and has a GC content of about 25%-50%.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each primer pair is designed to PCR amplify an amplicon, and the collection of amplicons that are PCR amplified encompass overlapping segment of the complete sequence of the target.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of primer pairs hybridize to the target at intervals of about 500 to 2,000 nucleotides.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite or a cell.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the virus is an influenza virus.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the bacterium is Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
8. A method for determining the sequence of a nucleic acid target in one step, wherein the nucleic acid target is greater than 1 Mb in length, comprising:
performing a polymerase chain reaction on the nucleic acid target to produce a series of amplicons, wherein the reaction comprises: a heat-stable polymerase; a mix of deoxynucleotide triphosphates; a chelating agent; a salt; a buffer; a stabilizing agent; and a plurality of primer pairs wherein each primer of the plurality of primer pairs has an annealing temperature within 5° C. and wherein each primer pair is designed to PCR amplify an amplicon representing a portion of the sequence of the nucleic acid target, and the series of amplicons that are PCR amplified represent overlapping portions of the complete sequence of the target;
sequencing each of the series of amplicons by semi-conductor sequencing, and
correlating the sequences of the amplicons and constructing the sequence of the nucleic acid target.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the nucleic acid target is greater than 5 Mbs in length.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein each of the primers of the multiple primer pairs is from 16 to 24 nucleotides in length, has a GC content of about 28-35%, and an annealing temperature of within 3° C. of each other primer of the multiple primer pairs.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of primer pairs hybridizes to the target at a spacing of about 800 to 1,500 nucleotides in length.
12. A method for determining the sequence of a nucleic acid target in one step, wherein the nucleic acid target is greater than 1 Mb in length, comprising:
performing a polymerase chain reaction on the nucleic acid target to produce a series of amplicons, wherein the reaction comprises: a heat-stable polymerase; a mix of deoxynucleotide triphosphates; a chelating agent; a salt; a buffer; a stabilizing agent; and a plurality of primer pairs wherein each primer of the plurality of primer pairs has an annealing temperature within 5° C., is from 15 to 35 nucleotides in length, has a GC content of about 25-50% and hybridize to the target at intervals of about 500 to 2,000 nucleotides and further wherein each primer pair is designed to PCR amplify an amplicon representing a portion of the sequence of the nucleic acid target, and the series of amplicons that are PCR amplified represent overlapping portions of the complete sequence of the target;
sequencing each of the series of amplicons by semi-conductor sequencing, and
correlating the sequences of the amplicons and constructing the sequence of the nucleic acid target.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein each of the primers of the multiple primer pairs is from 16 to 24 nucleotides in length, has a GC content of about 28-35%, and an annealing temperature of within 3° C. of each other primer of the multiple primer pairs.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid target comprises a sequence of a virus, bacteria, fungus or parasite.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the virus is an influenza virus.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the bacterium is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the nucleic acid target comprises a complete sequence of a target gene or genome of a microorganism.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the nucleic acid target sequence constructed correlates with resistance of the microorganism to an antimicrobial compound.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the antimicrobial compound is an antibiotic.