Compounds and methods for preparing substituted 3-(1-amino-2-methylpentane-3-yl)phenyl compounds

1. A method of preparing a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of a compound of formula (V):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising:

(i) reacting a compound of formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a cyanoethyl phosphonic acid derivative of formula (III):

to produce a mixture comprising the E-isomer and Z-isomer of a compound of formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and

(ii) separating the E-isomer from the Z isomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(iii) reacting the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I)

or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with one or more reducing agents, and optionally an alkylating agent, thereby obtaining the compound of formula (V) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers that is substantially free of (R,S) and (S,R) stereoisomers; and

(iv) separating the (R,R) stereoisomer from the (S,S) stereoisomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining the substantially optically pure stereoisomer of a compound of formula (V),

wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic, aryl, or phenolic oxygen protecting group, each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R 4 represents CN or CH 2 N(R 5 ) 2 , and R 5 represents a hydrogen or alkyl.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the (R,R) stereoisomer is separated from the (S, S) stereoisomer by chromatography.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chromatography comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of batch chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, and continuous chromatography.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chromatography comprises a simulated moving bed chromatography.

5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:

(i) reducing the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a compound of formula (VI):

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers of the compound of formula (VI) that is substantially free of (R,S) and (S,R) stereoisomers of the compound of formula (VI), wherein the reducing step comprises a reaction catalyzed by palladium or platinum on carbon; and

(ii) separating the (R,R) stereoisomer from the (S,S) stereoisomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VI) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

6. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising-reacting the substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VI) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a reducing agent, and optionally an alkylating agent, thereby obtaining a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of a compound of formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

7. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:

(i) reacting the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a reducing agent and optionally a alkylating reagent in the presence of a nickel catalyst, thereby obtaining a compound of formula (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and

(ii) reducing the compound of formula (IV) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a compound of formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers of the compound of formula (VII) that is substantially free of (R,S) and (S,R) stereoisomers of compound of formula (VII); and

(iii) separating the (R,R) stereoisomer from the (S,S) stereoisomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VII) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) is obtained by separating the E-isomer from the Z-isomer in the mixture by column chromatography.

9. A method of preparing a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of a compound of formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising:

(i) reacting a compound of formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a cyanoethyl phosphonic acid derivative of formula (III):

to produce a mixture comprising the E-isomer and Z-isomer of a compound of formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and

(ii) separating the E-isomer from the Z isomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(iii) reducing the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I)

or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, thereby obtaining a compound of formula (VI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers of the compound of formula (VI) that is substantially free of (R,S) and (S,R) stereoisomers of compound of formula (VI);

(iv) separating the (R,R) stereoisomer from the (S,S) stereoisomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VI) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and

(v) reacting the substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VI) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a reducing agent, and optionally an alkylating agent, thereby obtaining the substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of compound of formula (VII) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic, aryl, or phenolic oxygen protecting group, each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, and R 5 represents a hydrogen or alkyl.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen, and R 5 represents a methyl.

11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) is obtained by separating the E-isomer from the Z-isomer in the mixture by column chromatography.

12. A method of preparing a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of a compound of formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising:

(i) reacting a compound of formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a cyanoethyl phosphonic acid derivative of formula (III):

to produce a mixture comprising the E-isomer and Z-isomer of a compound of formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(ii) separating the E-isomer from the Z isomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(iii) reacting the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I)

or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with a reducing agent, and optionally an alkylating agent, thereby obtaining a compound of formula (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(iv) reducing the compound of formula (IV) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, thereby obtaining the compound of formula (VII) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers that is substantially free of (R,S) and (S,R) stereoisomers; and

(v) separating the (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers in the mixture, thereby obtaining the substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic, aryl, or phenolic oxygen protecting group, each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, and R 5 represents a hydrogen or alkyl.

13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen, and R 5 represents a methyl.

14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) is obtained by separating the E-isomer from the Z-isomer in the mixture by column chromatography.

15. A method of preparing a substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of a compound of formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the method comprising:

reacting a compound of formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a cyanoethyl phosphonic acid derivative of formula (III):

to produce a mixture comprising the E-isomer and Z-isomer of a compound of formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(ii) separating the E-isomer from the Z isomer in the mixture, thereby obtaining a substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;

(iii) reacting the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I)

or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with one or more reducing agents, and optionally an alkylating agent, thereby obtaining a compound of formula (VII) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in a mixture of (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers that is substantially free of (R,S) and (S,R) stereoisomers; and

(iii) separating the (R,R) and (S,S) stereoisomers in the mixture, thereby obtaining the substantially optically pure (R,R) stereoisomer of the compound of formula (VII) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen or an aliphatic, aryl, or phenolic oxygen protecting group, each of R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, and R 5 represents a hydrogen or alkyl.

16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen, and R 5 represents a methyl.

17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the wherein the substantially pure E-isomer of the compound of formula (I) is obtained by separating the E-isomer from the Z-isomer in the mixture by column chromatography.