Side-hole cane waveguide sensor
A side-hole optical cane for measuring pressure and/or temperature is disclosed. The side-hole cane has a light guiding core containing a sensor and a cladding containing symmetrical side-holes extending substantially parallel to the core. The side-holes cause an asymmetric stress across the core of the sensor creating a birefringent sensor. The sensor, preferably a Bragg grating, reflects a first and second wavelength each associated with orthogonal polarization vectors, wherein the degree of separation between the two is proportional to the pressure exerted on the core. The side-hole cane structure self-compensates and is insensitive to temperature variations when used as a pressure sensor, because temperature induces an equal shift in both the first and second wavelengths. Furthermore, the magnitude of these shifts can be monitored to deduce temperature, hence providing the side-hole cane additional temperature sensing capability that is unaffected by pressure. Additionally, the side-hole cane can be used to measure a differential pressure between a first pressure ported to the side-holes and a second external pressure.
1. A method for measuring an external pressure, comprising:
providing an optical waveguide structure comprising:
a first optical cane waveguide having first and second ends, comprising:
a core comprising a sensing element; and
a cladding surrounding the core, the cladding comprising an outside surface and at least two side holes parallel to the core; and
a second optical cane waveguide disposed adjacent the first end of the first optical cane waveguide;
providing a first pressure to the side holes;
providing the external pressure to the outside surface of the first optical cane waveguide;
interrogating the sensing element with an incident light to create reflected or transmitted light; and
assessing the reflected or transmitted light to determine the external pressure relative to the first pressure.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first end of the first optical cane waveguide comprises a protrusion extending from the first optical cane waveguide, the protrusion mating with a receiving pocket formed in the second optical cane waveguide.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the protrusion extends from a central portion of the first optical cane waveguide.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the protrusion extends from the cladding of the first optical cane waveguide, between the core and an outer diameter of the cladding.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first optical cane waveguide has a diameter of at least 0.3 mm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first optical cane waveguide has a cladding-to-core ratio of at least 30 to 1.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second optical cane waveguide comprises a standard optical cane waveguide.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensing element comprises a fiber Bragg grating.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two side holes are a radial distance of at least four optical wavelengths (4λ) from the core.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide structure further comprises a third optical cane waveguide disposed adjacent the second end of the first optical cane waveguide.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the second and third optical cane waveguides are standard optical cane waveguides and seal the at least two side holes at the first and second ends of the first optical cane waveguide.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least a portion of the sealed side holes contains a gas or a liquid.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the first pressure comprises sealing the at least two side holes at the first and second ends so that the first pressure is fixed.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein sealing the at least two side holes comprises disposing a third optical cane waveguide adjacent the second end of the first optical cane waveguide.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein sealing the at least two side holes comprises disposing a cap adjacent the second end of the first optical cane waveguide.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cap includes a cap core for optically connecting to the core of the first optical cane waveguide.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing at least a portion of the first optical cane waveguide within a housing for porting the first pressure to the at least two side holes.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing at least a portion of the first optical cane waveguide within a housing for porting the external pressure to the outside surface of the first optical cane waveguide.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing at least a portion of the first optical cane waveguide within a housing so that the first pressure is fixed.
20. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing at least a portion of the first optical cane waveguide within a housing so that the external pressure is fixed.
21. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assessing the reflected or transmitted light to determine a temperature of an environment into which the first optical cane waveguide is deployed.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensing element reflects first and second spectral regions being respectively centered about first and second wavelengths.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein assessing the reflected or transmitted light includes measuring the spectral separation between the first and second wavelengths.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the first and second wavelengths shift in response to temperature.