Asymmetric mooring system for support of offshore wind turbines
A mooring system for a semi-submersible platform includes buoyancy structures for providing buoyancy to the semi-submersible platform, mooring lines connected to the buoyancy structures, and anchors embedded in the sea floor that are connected to the mooring lines. At least one-half of the mooring lines are attached to one of the buoyancy structures. A ballast control system for a wind turbine platform includes a sensor that is configured to detect a rotation of a wind turbine and a controller that is configured to direct a transfer of ballast to correct the of the wind turbine.
1. A mooring for a semi-submersible platform, comprising:
a plurality of buoyancy structures providing buoyancy to the semi-submersible platform; a plurality of sets of mooring lines each set coupled to one of the plurality of buoyancy structures; and a plurality of anchors embedded in a sea floor and each anchor coupled to one of the mooring lines; wherein a number of mooring lines in the set attached to one of the plurality of buoyancy structures is different from the numbers of mooring lines in the sets attached to each of the other plurality buoyancy structures.
2. The mooring of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of angles between a plurality of adjacent mooring lines are substantially equal.
3. The mooring of claim 1 , wherein the mooring lines each include:
a) a first section of chain or wire coupled to one of the buoyancy structures;
b) a weight attached to the first section of chain or wire;
c) a section of polyester coupled to the first section of chain or wire; and
d) a second section of wire or chain coupled to the section of polyester and one of the anchors.
4. The mooring of claim 3 , wherein a negative buoyancy of the weight is greater than a negative buoyancy of the first section of chain or wire.
5. The mooring of claim 1 wherein the number of mooring lines attached to the one buoyancy structure is greater than one-half of a total number of mooring lines.
6. The mooring of claim 1 wherein the plurality of buoyancy structures comprises first, second, and third buoyancy structures, the plurality of mooring lines comprises first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth mooring lines,
the first, second, third, and fourth mooring lines are attached to the first buoyancy structure,
the fifth mooring line is attached to the second buoyancy structure, and
the sixth mooring line is attached to the third buoyancy structure.
7. The mooring of claim 1 wherein the plurality of buoyancy structures comprises first, second, and third buoyancy structures, the plurality of mooring lines comprises first, second, third, and fourth mooring lines,
the first and second mooring lines are attached to the first buoyancy structure,
the third mooring line is attached to the second buoyancy structure, and
the fourth mooring line is attached to the third buoyancy structure.
8. The mooring of claim 1 wherein a single mooring line is attached to each of the other buoyancy structures.
9. The mooring of claim 1 wherein at least three mooring lines are attached to the one buoyancy structure.
10. The mooring of claim 1 wherein the number of mooring lines attached to the one buoyancy structure is greater than the number of mooring lines attached to each of the other buoyancy structures to support a wind turbine above the one buoyancy structure.
11. The mooring of claim 1 wherein the number of mooring lines attached to the one buoyancy structure is two, and the number of mooring lines attached to each of the other buoyancy structures is one.
12. The mooring of claim 1 wherein an angle between first and second mooring lines attached to the one buoyancy structure is about 90 degrees.
13. A ballast control system for a floating wind turbine platform having a plurality of stabilizing columns, each stabilizing column having an internal volume for containing a ballast, and a tower with an attached turbine rotor, the tower mounted in vertical alignment over one of the columns, the ballast control system comprising:
a sensor that is configured to detect a rotation of the tower; and
a controller, coupled to the sensor, that is configured to direct a transfer of the ballast from an internal volume of the one of the columns to an internal volume of at least one of the other columns, upon the sensor detecting the rotation of the tower.
14. The ballast control system of claim 13 , wherein the ballast control system is a closed loop system.
15. The ballast control system of claim 13 , wherein the sensor includes a plurality of gyroscopes.
16. The ballast control system of claim 15 , wherein the gyroscopes include
an x-axis gyroscope mounted in the x-axis direction, the x-axis gyroscope being configured to detect a trim (pitch) rotation, and
a y-axis gyroscope mounted in the y-axis direction, the y-axis gyroscope being configured to detect a list (roll) rotation.
17. The ballast control system of claim 16 , wherein
the gyroscopes are configured to output a signal that represents an angular rate of rotation, and
the controller is configured to convert the angular rate of rotation to an angular position of the tower.
18. The ballast control system of claim 13 , wherein the sensor includes a plurality of accelerometers.
19. A method of adjusting a vertical alignment of a floating wind turbine platform having a plurality of stabilizing columns, each stabilizing column having an internal volume for containing a ballast, and a tower with an attached turbine rotor, the tower mounted in vertical alignment over one of the columns, the method comprising:
detecting, with a sensor, a rotation of the tower; and
transferring the ballast from an internal volume of the one of the columns to an internal volume of at least one of the other columns, upon the detecting.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the ballast is in a closed loop system.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the detecting the rotation includes
detecting a trim (pitch) rotation, and
detecting a list (roll) rotation.