METHODS FOR TREATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN STATIN-TOLERANT SUBJECTS
In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular-related disease in a statin-intolerant subject in need thereof and, in particular, a method of blood lipid therapy in a statin-intolerant subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof.
1 . A method of treating a cardiovascular disease or disorder in a statin-intolerant subject in need thereof, the method comprising:
(a) identifying a subject as intolerant to one or more statins; and
(b) administering to the subject about 1 g to about 4 g per day of ethyl eicosapentaenoate.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethyl eicosapentaenoate is administered to the subject 1 to 4 times per day.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethyl eicosapentaenoate is present in a capsule.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is not on concomitant lipid-altering therapy.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is intolerant to one or more of: amlodipine, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin and/or sitagliptin.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of measuring a baseline lipid profile in the subject prior to administering the ethyl eicosapentaenoate to said subject.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the subject has one or more of: a fasting baseline triglyceride level of about 135 mg/dL to about 1500 mg/dL, a baseline non-HDL-C value of about 200 mg/dL to about 300 mg/dL; a baseline total cholesterol value of about 250 mg/dL to about 300 mg/dL; a baseline VLDL-C value of about 140 mg/dL to about 200 mg/dL; and/or a baseline HDL-C value of about 10 to about 80 mg/dL.
8 . The method of claim 7 wherein after administering to the subject said ethyl eicosapentaenoate daily for about 12 weeks, the subject exhibits one or more of: (a) reduced triglyceride levels compared to baseline; (b) reduced Apo B levels compared to baseline; (c) increased HDL-C levels compared to baseline; (d) a reduction in non-HDL-C levels compared to baseline; and/or (e) a reduction in VLDL levels compared to baseline.
9 . The method of claim 8 wherein the subject exhibits one or more of: (a) a reduction in triglyceride level of at least about 5% as compared to baseline; (b) a less than 30% increase in non-HDL-C levels or a reduction in non-HDL-C levels of at least about 1% as compared to baseline; (c) an increase in HDL-C levels of at least about 5% as compared to baseline; and/or (d) a less than 60% in LDL-C levels compared to baseline.
10 . The method of claim 8 wherein the subject exhibits one or more of: (a) a reduction in triglyceride level of at least about 30% as compared to baseline; (b) no increase in non-HDL-C levels as compared to baseline; (c) no decrease in HDL-C levels compared to baseline; and/or (d) a less than 30% increase in LDL-C levels as compared to baseline.
11 . The method of claim 1 wherein upon treatment the subject exhibits one or more of the following outcomes: (a) reduced triglyceride levels compared to baseline; (b) reduced Apo B levels compared to baseline; (c) increased HDL-C levels compared to baseline; (d) no increase in LDL-C levels compared to baseline; (e) a reduction in LDL-C levels compared to baseline; (f) a reduction in non-HDL-C levels compared to baseline; (g) a reduction in VLDL levels compared to baseline; (h) an increase in apo A-I levels compared to baseline; (i) an increase in apo A-I/apo B ratio compared to baseline; (j) a reduction in lipoprotein a levels compared to baseline; (k) a reduction in LDL particle number compared to baseline; (l) an increase in LDL size compared to baseline; (m) a reduction in remnant-like particle cholesterol compared to baseline; (n) a reduction in oxidized LDL compared to baseline; (o) a less than 5% change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) compared to baseline; (p) a less than 5% change in hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) compared to baseline; (q) a reduction in homeostasis model insulin resistance compared to baseline; (r) a reduction in lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 compared to baseline; (s) a reduction in intracellular adhesion molecule compared to baseline; (t) a reduction in interleukin-6 compared to baseline; (u) a reduction in plasminogen activator inhibitor compared to baseline; (v) a reduction in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) compared to baseline; (w) an increase in serum phospholipid EPA compared to baseline; and/or (x) an increase in red blood cell membrane EPA compared to baseline.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is diabetic.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is administered about 2 g to about 4 g per day of the ethyl eicosapentaenoate.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is administered about 4 g per day of the ethyl eicosapentaenoate.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein ethyl eicosapentaenoate represents at least about 80%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein ethyl eicosapentaenoate represents at least about 90%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein ethyl eicosapentaenoate represents at least about 95%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein ethyl eicosapentaenoate represents at least about 96%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives represent no more than about 10%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives represent no more than about 5%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
21 . The method of claim 1 , wherein docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives represent no more than about 4%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
22 . The method of claim 1 , wherein docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives represent no more than about 3%, by weight, of all fatty acids administered to the subject.
23 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ethyl eicosapentaenoate is packaged together with instructions for using the composition to lower triglycerides.
24 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the ethyl eicosapentaenoate is packaged in blister packages of less than about 1 to less than about 20 capsules per sheet.
25 . The method of claim 1 , wherein upon ingesting a statin, the subject experiences one or more of: diarrhea, upset stomach, muscle pain, joint pain, tiredness, tendon problems, liver damage, rash, flushing, increase in a blood sugar level, memory loss, confusion, and/or dark-colored urine.