Hot Melt and Pressure Sensitive Adhesives that Include Highly-Plasticized Cellulose Esters and Methods and Articles Relating Thereto
Highly-plasticized cellulose esters may be useful as adhesives, including for use in producing laminates. For example, producing a laminate may include providing an adhesive melt that comprises an adhesive that comprises a cellulose ester and a plasticizer, the plasticizer included in an amount of about 30% to about 75% by weight of the adhesive; applying the adhesive melt to a substrate; and allowing the adhesive melt to cool so as to yield a laminate on the substrate.
1 . A method comprising:
providing an adhesive melt that comprises an adhesive that comprises a cellulose ester and a plasticizer, the plasticizer included in an amount of about 30% to about 75% by weight of the adhesive;
applying the adhesive melt to a substrate; and
allowing the adhesive melt to cool so as to yield a laminate on the substrate.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose ester has a degree of substitution between about 0.5 and less than about 3.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a flow onset point between about 50° C. and about 220° C.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has a glass transition temperature between about −61° C. and about 190° C.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive has no detectable glass transition temperature.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a ceramic, a natural polymer, a synthetic polymer, a metal, a natural material, carbon, and any combination thereof.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose ester comprises at least one organic ester substituent selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic ester, a functional C 1 -C 20 aliphatic ester, acetate, propionate, butyrate, succinate, glutarate, maleate, an aromatic ester, a substituted aromatic ester, any derivative thereof, and any combination thereof.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the cellulose ester has a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 125,000.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer comprises a food-grade plasticizer.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of triacetin, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, triethyl citrate, acetyl trimethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate, diaryl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di-2-methoxyethyl phthalate, di-octyl phthalate, an di-octyl phthalate isomer, dibutyl tartrate, ethyl o-benzoylbenzoate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, n-ethyltoluenesulfonamide, o-cresyl p-toluenesulfonate, aromatic diol, substituted aromatic diols, aromatic ethers, tripropionin, polycaprolactone, glycerin, glycerin esters, diacetin, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol diesters, di-2-ethylhexyl polyethylene glycol ester, glycerol esters, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyglycoldiglycidyl ethers, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrollidinone, propylene carbonate, a guiacol phosphate, a guiacol alkyl phosphate, C 1 -C 20 dicarboxylic acid esters, lactones, gamma-valerolactone, dimethyl adipate, a dialkyl ester, resorcinol monoacetate, catechol, catechol esters, phenols, epoxidized soy bean oil, castor oil, linseed oil, epoxidized linseed oil, other vegetable oils, other seed oils, difunctional glycidyl ether based on polyethylene glycol, alkylphosphate esters, phospholipids, an aroma, eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol, camphor, methoxy hydroxy acetophenone, vanillin, ethylvanillin, 2-phenoxyethanol, glycol ethers, ethylene glycol ethers, propylene glycol ethers, any derivative thereof, and any combination thereof.
11 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
producing an article selected from the group consisting of a laminated card, a laminated paper, a laminated business card, a laminated paper board, a heat activated film, a coated substrate, an iron-on design, and a substrate with a laminated surface.
12 . A method comprising:
compounding at least a cellulose ester and a plasticizer to yield an adhesive melt, the plasticizer included in an amount of about 30% to about 75% by weight of the adhesive melt;
applying the adhesive melt to a substrate;
allowing the adhesive melt to cool so as to yield a laminate on the substrate; and
treating the laminate with at least one selected from the group consisting of heat, vacuum, a caustic bath, and any combination thereof.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the cellulose ester has a degree of substitution between about 0.5 and less than about 3.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the adhesive has a flow onset point between about 50° C. and about 220° C.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the adhesive has a glass transition temperature between about −61° C. and about 190° C.
16 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the adhesive has no detectable glass transition temperature.
17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the cellulose ester comprises at least one organic ester substituent selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 20 aliphatic ester, a functional C 1 -C 20 aliphatic ester, acetate, propionate, butyrate, succinate, glutarate, maleate, an aromatic ester, a substituted aromatic ester, any derivative thereof, and any combination thereof.
18 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the cellulose ester has a molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 125,000.
19 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the plasticizer comprises a food-grade plasticizer.