Optical device exhibiting color shift upon rotation

1. An optical device exhibiting a shift of color upon rotation, comprising:

a substrate having an array of structures disposed thereon or therein, wherein each of the structures has first and second surfaces having a line of mutual intersection forming a non-zero angle with a plane of the substrate; and

a color shifting coating supported by the substrate, forming color shifting reflectors with each of the first and second surfaces, wherein each color shifting reflector has a color which shifts as an angle of observation of the reflector changes, wherein upon rotation of the optical device in the plane of the substrate, the angle of observation of each color shifting reflector changes causing a corresponding color shift of each color shifting reflector, whereby the shift of color of the optical device is observable by rotating the optical device in the plane of the substrate;

wherein the first and the second surfaces each have a width and a length larger than 2 microns, so that no significant diffraction of visible light occurs.

2. An optical device of claim 1 , wherein the color shifting coating comprises an opaque reflector layer, an absorber layer, and a dielectric layer therebetween.

3. An optical device of claim 1 , wherein the color shifting coating is disposed over the structures of the substrate.

4. An optical device of claim 3 , wherein the color shifting coating has a reflector layer on top thereof, and wherein the substrate is sufficiently transparent for the color shift to be observable therethrough.

5. An optical device of claim 3 , further comprising a substantially transparent cover layer supported by the color shifting coating and occupying at least a fraction of an area of the color shifting coating, wherein the color shift is visibly different in areas covered and not covered by the cover layer.

6. An optical device of claim 5 , wherein the cover layer is patterned so as to form indicia discernible by color.

7. An optical device of claim 6 , wherein the cover layer has an ink containing high-index nanoparticles, printed over the coating.

8. An optical device of claim 1 , further comprising a microlens array supported by the substrate and optically coupled to the color shifting coating, so as to form indicia discernible by color.

9. An optical device of claim 1 , wherein the structures have roughened surfaces for a matte finish.

10. An optical device of claim 1 , wherein one of the surfaces of the structures of the substrate forms a local angle with respect to a line of observation, wherein the local angle is varying across the substrate, so as to create an apparent color motion across the optical device observable by rotating the optical device in the plane of the substrate.

11. A method of manufacturing of the optical device of claim 1 , comprising:

(a) providing an embossing tool having an embossing surface having a first plurality of parallel grooves and a second plurality of parallel grooves running at an angle to the first plurality of parallel grooves;

(b) providing a blank substrate for texturing;

(c) making an embossing of the blank substrate with the embossing tool; and

(d) coating the substrate embossed in (c) with the color shifting coating forming the color shifting reflector therewith.

12. A method of manufacturing the optical device of claim 11 , wherein in step (d), the color shifting coating is deposited in vacuum at an angle to the substrate of less than 90 degrees.

13. An optical security device comprising:

a substrate having an array of structures disposed thereon or therein, wherein each of the structures has first and second surfaces having a line of mutual intersection forming a non-zero angle with a plane of the substrate; and

a color shifting coating supported by the substrate, forming color shifting reflectors with each of the first and second surfaces, wherein each color shifting reflector has a color which shifts as an angle of observation of the reflector changes, wherein upon rotation of the optical device in the plane of the substrate, the angle of observation of each color shifting reflector changes causing a corresponding color shift of each color shifting reflector, whereby the shift of color of the optical device is observable by rotating the optical device in the plane of the substrate;

wherein the first and the second surfaces each have a width and a length larger than 2 microns, so that no significant diffraction of visible light occurs.

14. A currency banknote or document comprising the optical security device of claim 13 , wherein different colors observable at different pre-determined angles of rotation correspond to a denomination of the currency banknote banknote or document.

15. A currency banknote or a document or a token having an optical device incorporated therein, the optical device comprising:

a substrate having an array of structures disposed thereon or therein, wherein each of the structures has first and second surfaces having a line of mutual intersection forming a non-zero angle with a plane of the substrate; and

a color shifting coating supported by the substrate, forming color shifting reflectors with each of the first and second surfaces, wherein each color shifting reflector has a color which shifts as an angle of observation changes, wherein upon rotation of the optical device in the plane of the substrate, the angle of observation of each color shifting reflector changes causing a corresponding color shift of each color shifting reflector, whereby the shift of color of the optical device is observable by rotating the optical device in the plane of the substrate;

wherein the first and the second surfaces each have a width and a length larger than 2 microns, so that no significant diffraction of visible light occurs.