Ketocarboxylic acids, ketocarboxylic esters, methods of manufacture and uses thereof
Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.
1. A ketocarboxylic ester composition comprising:
a polyketocarboxylic acid III
wherein
R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl,
G is a hydrocarbyl group having a valence of t,
t=2 or 3,
a=0-3,
y=2-3 and z=0-1, provided that z+y=t; and
a residue of a biomass.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the residue comprises furfural, formic acid, furfuryl alcohol, hydroxymethyl furfural, angelica lactone, a humin, a polysaccharide, a saccharide, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing residues.
3. A purified ketocarboxylic ester composition comprising:
at least 99 wt% of a ketocarboxylic acid III
wherein
R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl,
G is a hydrocarbyl group having a valence of t,
t=2 or 3,
a=0-3,
y=2-3 and z=0-1, provided that z+y=t; and
up to 1 wt % of an impurity, based on the total weight of the purified ketocarboxylic acid composition.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the impurity is a residue of a biomass.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the residue comprises furfural, formic acid, furfuryl alcohol, hydroxymethyl furfural, angelica lactone, a humin, a polysaccharide, a saccharide, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing residues.
6. A composition comprising
at least 99 wt % of a polyketocarboxy ester IIIa:
wherein G is ethylene, n-propylene, n-butylene, or n-hexylene; and
up to 1 wt % of an impurity.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the polyketocarboxy ester IIIa is crystalline.
8. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the impurity is a residue of a biomass.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the residue comprises furfural, formic acid, furfuryl alcohol, hydroxymethyl furfural, angelica lactone, a humin, a polysaccharide, a saccharide, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing residues.
10. A mono-ester compound having the formula
wherein G is ethylene, n-propylene, n-butylene, or n-hexylene.
11. A composition comprising the compound of claim 10 , wherein the mono-ester is present in an amount of up to 20 wt % and further comprising levulinic acid in an amount of up to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.
12. A purified ketocarboxylic acid composition comprising:
more than 99 wt % of a ketocarboxylic acid I
wherein
R 2 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and
a=0-3; and
less than 1 wt % of an impurity, based on the total weight of the purified ketocarboxylic acid composition.
13. The composition of claim 12 , wherein
R 2 is C 1 -C 3 alkyl and
a=1-2.
14. The composition of any one of claim 13 , wherein the ketocarboxylic acid is levulinic acid, wherein R 2 is methyl, and a=2.