Multiple staged compressor with last stage airfoil cooling
A high compression ratio compressor having multiple stages of airfoils to produce the high pressure rations, where the last stage airfoils are cooled by passing cooling air through the airfoils without discharging film cooling air. A portion of the compressed air from the discharge of the compressor is bled off and passed through a heat exchanger to preheat a fuel and to cool the compressed air. The cooled compressed air is then passed through the last stage airfoil of the compressor to provide cooling. The cooling air is then reintroduced back into the compressor at an earlier stage or passed through an airfoil in the turbine to provide cooling.
1. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a multiple stage compressor with stages of stator vanes and rotor blades;
a combustor;
a turbine;
a heat exchanger;
a last stage of airfoils in the compressor having an internal cooling air circuit to provide cooling for the airfoil;
a cooling air supply passage to supply cooling air to a cooling air inlet of the last stage airfoil;
the cooling air supply passage connected to an outlet of the compressor;
a cooling air discharge passage to discharge spent cooling air from a cooling air outlet of the last stage airfoil;
the cooling air discharge passage passing through the heat exchanger;
a fuel passing through the heat exchanger to cool the cooling air discharged from the last stage airfoil; and,
passing the preheated fuel into the combustor.
2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , and further comprising:
the cooling air discharge passage connected to the heat exchanger is connected to the compressor to reintroduce the cooling air from the heat exchanger back into the compressor.
3. The gas turbine engine of claim 2 , and further comprising:
the cooling air discharge passage is connected to a stage of the compressor having a temperature close to the temperature of the cooling air cooled in the heat exchanger.
4. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , and further comprising:
the last stage airfoil of the compressor is a stator vane and a rotor blade; and,
the cooling air from the last stage stator vane and rotor blade is passed through the heat exchanger to cool the cooling air.
5. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , and further comprising:
the cooling air discharge passage from the heat exchanger passes through the turbine to provide cooling for a last stage airfoil in the turbine.
6. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , and further comprising:
the multiple stage compressor is an axial flow compressor.
7. A process for operating a gas turbine engine, the gas turbine engine having a multiple stage compressor, a combustor and a turbine, the process comprising the steps of:
compressing air in the multiple stage compressor from a first stage to a last stage;
bleeding off a portion of compressed air from the compressor at a discharge end of the compressor;
passing the bleed off air from the compressor through a heat exchanger to preheat a fuel and to cool the bleed off compressed air;
passing the cooled bleed off air through the last stage airfoil of the compressor to cool the last stage airfoil; and,
passing the preheated fuel into the combustor to be burned with compressed air from the compressor and produce a hot gas stream for the turbine.
8. The process for operating a gas turbine engine of claim 7 , and further comprising the step of:
reintroducing the cooling air from the last stage airfoil back into the compressor.
9. The process for operating a gas turbine engine of claim 8 , and further comprising the step of:
reintroducing the cooling air from the last stage airfoil into compressor at a stage having a temperature close to the temperature of the cooling air.
10. The process for operating a gas turbine engine of claim 7 , and further comprising the step of:
passing the cooling air from the last stage airfoil through the turbine to cool a last stage airfoil of the turbine.
11. The process for operating a gas turbine engine of claim 7 , and further comprising the step of:
compressing the compressed air in the compressor with an axial flow compressor.