Acoustic Mass Sensor
A mass sensor has a common RF input, a set of mass sensor cells, and a common hold input. Each of the mass sensor cells has a local input node coupled to the common RF input, a local output node, a mass-dependent RF filter that includes an electroacoustic resonator having receptors immobilized on a surface thereof, an RF detector, and a hold circuit having a local hold input. The RF filter, the RF detector and the hold circuit are connected in series between the local input node and the local output node. The common hold input is coupled to the local hold inputs of the hold circuits of at least a subset of the mass sensor cells.
1 . A mass sensor, comprising:
a common RF input;
a set of mass sensor cells, each of the mass sensor cells comprising:
a local input node coupled to the common RF input;
a local output node;
an RF filter comprising an electroacoustic resonator having receptors immobilized on a surface thereof,
an RF detector, and
a hold circuit comprising a local hold input,
in which the RF filter, the RF detector and the hold circuit are connected in series between the local input node and the local output node;
a common hold input, the common hold input coupled to the local hold inputs of the hold circuits of at least a subset of the mass sensor cells.
2 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the electroacoustic resonator comprises a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) device.
3 . The mass sensor of claim 2 , in which the BAW device is a transverse-mode BAW device.
4 . The mass sensor of claim 2 , in which the BAW device is a longitudinal-mode BAW device.
5 . The mass sensor of claim 2 , in which the BAW device comprises an FBAR.
6 . The mass sensor of claim 2 , in which the BAW device comprises a solidly-mounted resonator.
7 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the receptors are configured to bond to a target analyte in a fluid sample.
8 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the electroacoustic resonator is series connected.
9 . The mass sensor of claim 1 in which the electroacoustic resonator is shunt connected.
10 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the RF detector comprises an amplitude detector.
11 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the RF detector comprises a phase detector.
12 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the RF detector has an integrating characteristic.
13 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the hold circuit has an integrating characteristic.
14 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , additionally comprising an analog signal selector, comprising:
a respective analog signal input connected to the local output node of each of the sensor cells;
a common analog output; and
an address input to receive an address signal defining a specific one of at least a subset of the mass sensor cells whose local output node the analog signal selector is to connect to the common analog output.
15 . The mass sensor of claim 14 , additionally comprising an analog-to-digital converter comprising an input connected to the common analog output of the analog signal selector.
16 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , additionally comprising an RF oscillator having an output coupled to the common RF input.
17 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , additionally comprising an RF amplifier interposed between the common RF input and the local input nodes of at least a subset of the mass sensor cells.
18 . The mass sensor of claim 1 , in which the mass-dependent RF filter comprises:
an input;
an output;
a series film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) connected between the input and the output; and
a shunt FBAR connected between the output and ground.
19 . A system for assaying a target analyte in a fluid sample, the system comprising:
an RF oscillator,
a mass sensor, comprising:
a common RF input coupled to the RF oscillator,
a set of mass sensor cells, each of the mass sensor cells comprising:
a local input node connected to the common RF input;
a local output node;
an RF filter comprising an electroacoustic resonator having receptors configured for bonding to the target analyte immobilized on a surface thereof;
an RF detector; and
a hold circuit comprising a local hold input; the RF filter, the RF detector and the hold circuit connected in series between the local input node and the local output node,
a common hold input coupled to the local hold inputs of the hold circuits of a least a subset of the mass sensor cells;
an analog-to-digital converter; and
an analog signal selector, comprising:
a respective analog input connected to the output node of each of at least a subset of the mass sensor cells,
a common analog output coupled to the analog-to-digital converter, and
an address input to receive an address signal defining a specific one of the mass sensor cells whose output node the analog signal selector is to connect to the analog-to-digital converter.
20 . The system of claim 19 , in which the electroacoustic resonator comprises an FBAR.
21 . The system of claim 20 , in which the FBAR is a transverse-mode FBAR.
22 . The mass sensor of claim 19 , in which the electroacoustic resonator is shunt connected.
23 . The mass sensor of claim 19 , in which the mass-dependent RF filter comprises:
an input;
an output;
a series film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) connected between the input and the output; and
a shunt FBAR connected between the output and ground, the shunt FBAR differing in mass from the series FBAR.
24 . The system of claim 23 , in which:
each of the FBARs has a respective series resonant frequency and a respective parallel resonant frequency, the series resonant frequency and the parallel resonant frequency of the series FBAR differing from the series resonant frequency and the parallel resonant frequency, respectively, of the shunt FBAR; and
the oscillator is to output a frequency intermediate between the parallel resonant frequency of the series FBAR and the parallel resonant frequency of the shunt FBAR.