Implant sleep apnea treatment device including an antenna
A sleep apnea treatment device may include a flexible carrier configured to be implanted in a body of a subject. The device may also include at least one electrode disposed on the flexible carrier, the at least one electrode being configured to modulate nerve fibers of the subject. A flexible antenna may be disposed on the flexible carrier, the flexible antenna electrically connected to the at least one electrode in a manner permitting at least some energy received by the flexible antenna to be transferred to the at least one electrode. The flexible antenna may include: at least a first conductive trace arranged on a first side of the flexible carrier, the at least a first conductive trace defining at least a first elongated space between portions thereof; and at least a second conductive trace arranged on a second side of the flexible carrier, the at least a second conductive trace defining at least a second elongated space between portions thereof, wherein the at least a first conductive trace is at least partially offset from the at least a second conductive trace such that portions of the first conductive trace overly the at least a second elongated space and wherein portions of the second conductive trace underlay the at least a first elongated space.
1. An implantable sleep apnea device, comprising:
a flexible carrier configured to be implanted in a body of a subject;
at least one electrode disposed on the flexible carrier, the at least one electrode being configured for location on genioglossus muscle tissue proximate to a hypoglossal nerve of the subject and further configured to modulate hypoglossal nerve fibers of the subject;
a flexible antenna disposed on the flexible carrier, the flexible antenna being sized for location beneath skin proximate a tongue of the subject, the flexible antenna being electrically connected to the at least one electrode in a manner permitting at least some energy received by the flexible antenna to be transferred to the at least one electrode, the flexible antenna including:
at least a first conductive trace arranged on a first side of the flexible carrier, the at least a first conductive trace defining at least a first elongated space between portions thereof; and
at least a second conductive trace arranged on a second side of the flexible carrier, the at least a second conductive trace defining at least a second elongated space between portions thereof,
wherein the at least a first conductive trace is at least partially offset from the at least a second conductive trace such that portions of the first conductive trace overly the at least a second elongated space and wherein portions of the second conductive trace underlay the at least a first elongated space.
2. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the antenna and carrier are encapsulated within a flexible polymeric coating.
3. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive trace and the second conductive trace each includes a coil, and the first elongated space and the second elongated space include areas between windings of the coils of the first and second conductive traces.
4. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 3 , wherein the coils of the first and second conductive traces include rectangular windings.
5. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 3 , wherein the coils of the first and second conductive traces include oval-shaped windings.
6. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 3 , wherein the coils of the first and second conductive traces include circular windings.
7. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive trace and the second conductive trace are electrically connected via a trace extending through the flexible carrier.
8. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive trace includes first windings and at least some of the first windings are connected to one another by first electrical trace steps, and wherein the second conductive trace includes second windings and at least some of the second windings are connected to one another by second electrical trace steps, wherein one or more of the first electrical trace steps cross one or more of the second trace steps at a non-zero angle.
9. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible antenna includes a ferrite core.
10. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible carrier includes a dielectric material.
11. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive trace and the second conductive trace each include a coil, and the coils of the first and second conductive traces have a diameter of between about 0.5 mm and 30 mm.
12. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible antenna is configured to conform to contours of tissue in the body of the subject.
13. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the first conductive trace overlies the at least a second elongated space and wherein substantially all of the second conductive trace underlays the at least a first elongated space.
14. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 , wherein the flexible antenna further includes at least a third conductive trace spaced apart from the second conductive trace by an insulating layer.
15. The sleep apnea treatment device of claim 1 wherein at least portions of the flexible carrier, the at least one electrode, and the flexible antenna are covered with an encapsulation structure including a layer of parylene and a layer of silicone.