Alkaline cell with improved high rate capability
The present disclosure relates generally to an alkaline electrochemical cell, such as a battery, and in particular to an improved gelled anode suitable for use therein. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a gelled anode that improves anode discharge efficiency by adjusting physical properties such as apparent density.
1. An alkaline electrochemical cell comprising:
a cathode;
a gelled anode mixture, the mixture comprising an anode active material, a gelling agent, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.50 g/cc to about 3.00 g/cc and wherein the anode active material comprises particles having an aspect ratio of from about 10.0 to about 50.0; and,
a separator between the cathode and the anode.
2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.65 g/cc to about 2.85 g/cc.
3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein from about 5% to about 35%, by weight, of the total anode active material present in the gelled anode mixture has a particle size of less than about 75 microns.
4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode active material comprises a zinc alloy.
5. The cell of claim 4 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises indium and bismuth.
6. The cell of claim 5 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises from about 80 ppm to about 250 ppm of bismuth and from about 80 ppm to about 250 ppm of indium.
7. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the gelled anode mixture further comprises a gassing inhibitor.
8. The cell of claim 7 , wherein the gassing inhibitor is present in the gelled anode mixture in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm.
9. The cell of claim 7 , wherein the gassing inhibitor is a phosphate ester.
10. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte has a hydroxide concentration of about 30% or less.
11. A gelled anode mixture, the mixture comprising an anode active material, a gelling agent, and an alkaline electrolyte, wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.50 g/cc to about 3.00 g/cc and wherein the anode active material comprises particles having an aspect ratio of from about 10.0 to about 50.0.
12. The gelled anode mixture of claim 11 , wherein the anode active material has an apparent density of from about 2.65 g/cc to about 2.85 g/cc.
13. The gelled anode mixture of claim 11 , wherein from about 5% to about 35%, by weight, of the total anode active material present in the gelled anode mixture has a particle size of less than about 75 microns.
14. The gelled anode mixture of claim 11 , wherein the anode active material comprises a zinc alloy.
15. The gelled anode mixture of claim 14 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises indium and bismuth.
16. The gelled anode mixture of claim 15 , wherein the zinc alloy comprises from about 80 ppm to about 250 ppm of bismuth and from about 80 ppm to about 250 ppm of indium.
17. The gelled anode mixture of claim 11 , wherein the gelled anode mixture further comprises a gassing inhibitor.
18. The gelled anode mixture of claim 17 , wherein the gassing inhibitor is present in the gelled anode mixture in an amount of from about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm.
19. The gelled anode mixture of claim 17 , wherein the gassing inhibitor is a phosphate ester.
20. The gelled anode mixture of claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte has a hydroxide concentration of about 30% or less.