Cooling tower fill
A fill sheet for use in a fill arrangement in a direct heat exchange section of a cooling tower is provided. Each fill sheet includes ridges, grooves, separators, that improve the performance of the fill sheet arrangement when installed as a direct heat exchange section of a cooling tower. The separators are located in minor air paths between the fill sheet to improve the air flow capabilities and performance of the direct heat exchange section.
1. A fill sheet arrangement for use in a direct heat exchanger,
wherein a first fill sheet comprises a generally rectangular structure
having a first side edge,
a second side edge,
a top edge, and
a bottom edge,
a front surface and a rear surface, and
wherein a second fill sheet comprises a generally rectangular structure having a first side edge,
a second side edge,
a top edge and a bottom edge,
a front surface and a rear surface, and
the second fill sheet is adjacent the first fill sheet,
the first fill sheet including a plurality of ridges and grooves,
the second fill sheet including a plurality of ridges and grooves,
wherein when the first fill sheet and
the second fill sheet are adjacent in the direct heat exchanger,
a ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet is adjacent a ridge on the front surface of the second fill sheet to form a minor air path, and
a groove on the rear surface of the first fill sheet is adjacent a groove in the front surface of the second fill sheet to form a major air path, and
wherein a first male separator extends from a ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet into the minor air path, and
a first female separator is present on a ridge on the front surface of the second fill sheet, and
the first male separator on the rear surface of first fill sheet contacts the first female separator on the front surface of the second fill sheet, wherein the first fill sheet includes a transition zone between the plurality of ridges and grooves and the second side edge,
the transition zone comprising a plurality of raised ribs and adjacent channels.
2. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 1
wherein a second male separator extends from a ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet into the minor air path, and
a second female separator is present on a ridge on the front surface of the second fill sheet, and
the second male separator on the rear surface of the second fill sheet contacts the second female separator on the front surface of the second fill sheet.
3. The fill sheet arrangement of claims 1
wherein the first fill sheet includes a mist eliminator between the transition zone and the second side edge,
the mist eliminator comprising a curved structure raised from the generally rectangular structure of the first fill sheet and including a plurality of raised sections and adjacent louvered sections.
4. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 1
wherein the first fill sheet includes an air inlet louver zone adjacent the first side edge,
the air inlet louver zone comprising a plurality of gradually round surfaces that lead to form the ridges of the first fill sheet.
5. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 1
wherein the first fill sheet ridges on the rear surface of the first fill sheet includes a plurality of raised sections and adjacent lowered sections,
wherein the raised sections and adjacent lowered sections of the ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet are angled from the fill sheet plane at an angle of between 20 and 30 degrees.
6. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 5
wherein each of the ridges on the rear surface of the first fill sheet include the plurality of angled raised sections and adjacent angled lowered sections, and
a majority of such angled raised sections and angled lowered sections are angled toward the first side edge of the fill sheet at an angle between 10 and 25 degrees from vertical.
7. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 1
wherein a portion of the fill sheet that extends between a ridge and a groove is at an angle of between 40 and 45 degrees from vertical.
8. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 1
wherein a male separator extends from a ridge on rear surface of each fill sheet the male separator extending into the minor air path,
and a corresponding female separator on a ridge in the front surface of the adjacent second fill sheet.
9. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 5
wherein the plurality of raised sections and adjacent lowered sections inside the majority of major air paths causes air traveling in the major air path to spin ¾ of one rotation in one direction and ¼ of one rotation in an opposite direction to improve heat and mass transfer between air and liquid.
10. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 5
wherein the plurality of angled raised sections and adjacent angled lowered sections inside the minority of major air paths causes air traveling in the major air path to spin in double helical manner to improve heat and mass transfer between air and liquid.
11. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 1
wherein fill sheet tab separators extending from a ridge of the rear face of the first fill sheet into the minor air path and mostly out the major air path, assist in spacing the first fill sheet and the adjacent second fill sheet.
12. A fill sheet arrangement for a heat exchanger comprising:
a first fill sheet having a generally rectangular,
generally planar structure with a first side edge,
a second side edge,
a top edge and a bottom edge,
a first surface and a rear surface, and
a second fill sheet having a generally rectangular,
generally planar structure with a first side edge,
a second side edge,
a top edge and a bottom edge,
a front surface and a rear surface,
and the second fill sheet is adjacent the first fill sheet,
the first fill sheet including a plurality of ridges and grooves,
the second fill sheet including a plurality of ridges and grooves,
a ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet adjacent a ridge on the front surface of the second fill sheet to form a minor air path, and a groove on the rear surface of the first fill sheet adjacent a groove on the front surface of the second fill sheet to form a major air path, and
wherein a first male separator extends from a ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet into the minor air path, and
a first female separator is present on a ridge on the front surface of the second fill sheet, and
the first male separator on the rear surface of first fill sheet contacts
the first female separator on the first surface of the second fill sheet, wherein the first fill sheet includes a transition zone between the plurality of ridges and grooves and the second side edge,
the transition zone comprising a plurality of raised ribs and adjacent channels.
13. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 12
wherein a second male separator extends from a ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet into the minor air path, and
a second female separator is present on a ridge on the front surface of the second fill sheet, and
the second make separator on the rear surface of the second fill sheet contacts the second female separator on the front surface of the second fill sheet.
14. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 13
wherein the first fill sheet includes a mist eliminator between the transition zone and the second side edge,
the mist eliminator comprising a curved structure raised from the generally planar structure of the first fill sheet and including a plurality of raised sections and adjacent lowered sections.
15. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 12
wherein the first fill sheet includes an air inlet louver zone adjacent the first side edge,
the air inlet louver zone comprising a plurality of gradually round surfaces that lead to form the ridges of the first fill sheet.
16. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 12
wherein the first fill sheet ridges on the rear surface of the first fill sheet includes a plurality of raised sections and adjacent lowered sections,
wherein the raised sections and adjacent lowered sections of the ridge on the rear surface of the first fill sheet are angled from the fill sheet plane at an angle of between 20 and 30 degrees.
17. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 16
wherein each of the ridges on the rear surface of the first fill sheet include the plurality of raised sections and
adjacent lowered sections, and
a majority of such raised sections and lowered sections are angled toward the first side edge of the fill sheet at an angle between 10 and 25 degrees from vertical.
18. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 12
wherein a portion of the fill sheet that extends between a ridge and a groove is at an angle of between 40 and 45 degrees from vertical.
19. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 12
wherein a male separator extends from a ridge on the rear surface of each fill sheet
the male separator extending into the minor air path, and
a corresponding female separator on a ridge in the front surface of the adjacent second fill sheet.
20. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 16
wherein the plurality of angled raised sections and angled adjacent lowered sections inside the majority of major air paths causes air traveling in the major air path to spin ¾ of one rotation in one direction and ¼ of one rotation in opposite direction to improve heat and mass transfer between air and liquid.
21. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 16
wherein the plurality of raised sections and adjacent lowered sections inside the minority of major air paths causes air traveling in the major air path to spin in double helical manner to improve heat and mass transfer between air and liquid.
22. The fill sheet arrangement of claim 12
wherein fill sheet tab separators extending from a ridge of the rear face of the first fill sheet into the minor air path and mostly out the major air path, assist in the spacing first fill sheet and the adjacent second fill sheet.