Active polymeric filters

1. A polymer comprising at least one pendant dioxirane moiety represented by Formula III or IV:

wherein:

R 1 is absent or is alkylene, perhaloalkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, heterocyclylene, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, alkylcarboxy, carboxyalkyl or alkylcarboxyalkyl;

R 2 is an electron withdrawing group;

R 8 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

R 9 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

each R 4 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; and

each R 5 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl.

2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the pendant dioxirane moiety is represented by Formula III, and R 2 is perfluoroalkyl.

3. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the pendant dioxirane moiety is represented by Formula III, and R 1 is an alkylene, perhaloalkylene, carbonyl, carboxyl, alkylcarboxyl, carboxyalkyl, or alkylcarboxyalkyl.

4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the pendant dioxirane moiety is represented by Formula III, R 1 is absent R 2 is alkylene, perhaloalkylene, CO 2 R 7 or —N + R 4 R 5 R 6 , R 6 is H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl, and R 7 is H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl.

5. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the pendant dioxirane moiety is represented by Formula III, R 1 is a C 1 -C 6 alkylene or —N + R 4 R 5 ; R 2 is alkylene, perhaloalkylene, CO 2 R 7 or —N + R 4 R 5 R 6 , R 6 is H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl, and R 7 is H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl.

6. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the pendant dioxirane moiety is represented by Formula IV, R 8 is C 1 -C 8 alkylene; R 9 is —N + R 4 R 5 ; R 4 is alkyl; and R 5 is alkyl.

7. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the pendant dioxirane moiety is represented by Formula IV, wherein R 8 is —N + R 4 R 5 ; R 9 is —N + R 4 R 5 ; R 4 is alkyl; and R 5 is alkyl.

8. The polymer of claim 1 , which is a polyolefin, a polyalkylene terephthalate, a polyacrylate, a polyurea, a polylactates, a polycarbonate, a polyester, a polysaccharide, a polyacetate, a polystyrene maleic anhydride, a polyurethane, a polyamide, a polyacrylamide, a polymethacrylates, a poly(methyl)methacrylate, an aramid, or a co-polymer of any two or more such polymers.

9. An article comprising a polymer, the polymer comprising at least one pendant dioxirane moiety represented by Formula III or IV:

wherein:

R 1 is absent or is alkylene, perhaloalkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, heterocyclylene, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, alkylcarboxy, carboxyalkyl or alkylcarboxyalkyl;

R 2 is an electron withdrawing group;

R 8 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

R 9 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

each R 4 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; and

each R 5 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl.

10. The article of claim 9 , which is a filter.

11. A method of purifying a gas, the method comprising passing a gas through a filter, wherein the filter comprises a polymer comprising at least one pendant dioxirane moiety represented by Formula III or IV:

wherein:

R 1 is absent or is alkylene, perhaloalkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, heterocyclylene, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, alkylcarboxy, carboxyalkyl or alkylcarboxyalkyl;

R 2 is an electron withdrawing group;

R 8 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

R 9 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

each R 4 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; and

each R 5 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the gas comprises a biological contaminant or a chemical contaminant.

13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising exposing the filter to a solution comprising a peroxymonosulfate to recycle the filter.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the peroxymonosulfate is a peroxymonosulfate salt of lithium, sodium, potassium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, triisopropylammonium, tetraisopropylammonium, or benzyltriphenylphosphonium.

15. A method of purifying a liquid, the method comprising passing a liquid through a filter, wherein the filter comprises a polymer comprising at least one pendant dioxirane moiety represented by Formula III or IV:

wherein:

R 1 is absent or is alkylene, perhaloalkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, heterocyclylene, amino, carbonyl, carboxyl, alkylcarboxy, carboxyalkyl or alkylcarboxyalkyl;

R 2 is an electron withdrawing group;

R 8 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

R 9 is —N + R 4 R 5 or alkylene;

each R 4 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; and

each R 5 is independently H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the liquid comprises a biological contaminant or a chemical contaminant.

17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising exposing the filter to a solution comprising a peroxymonosulfate to recycle the filter.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the peroxymonosulfate is a peroxymonosulfate salt of lithium, sodium, potassium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, trimethylammonium, triethylammonium, triisopropylammonium, tetraisopropylammonium, or benzyltriphenylphosphonium.