System and method for reducing halogen levels necessary for mercury control, increasing the service life and/or catalytic activity of an SCR catalyst and/or control of multiple emissions
The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus for: (i) reducing halogen levels necessary to affect gas-phase mercury control; (ii) reducing or preventing the poisoning and/or contamination of an SCR catalyst; and/or (iii) controlling various emissions. In still another embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for: (A) simultaneously reducing halogen levels necessary to affect gas-phase mercury control while achieving a reduction in the emission of mercury; and/or (B) reducing the amount of selenium contained in and/or emitted by one or more pieces of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.).
1. A method for simultaneously reducing the amount and/or concentration of one or more halogen-containing compounds used to achieve mercury capture in a flue gas and controlling one or more of gas phase sodium, gas phase sodium compounds, gas phase potassium, and/or gas phase potassium compounds, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing at least one coal-based fuel to the furnace, or boiler;
(b) subjecting the at least one coal-based fuel to a staged combustion process, wherein the staged combustion process produces gaseous mercury;
(c) providing one or more halogen-containing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR, wherein the halogen portion of the one or more halogen-containing compounds are liberated in the combustion zone or flue gas stream of the furnace or boiler and are converted to one or more corresponding gaseous hydrogen halide compounds;
(d) providing one or more metal-bearing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, at one or more points selected from injection points A through G that is both prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR as well as after a point where the majority of the one or more halogen-bearing compounds have been converted to the corresponding gaseous hydrogen halides;
(e) providing one or more kaolin-bearing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, at one or more points selected from injection points M, N, O, P or Q that is both prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR as well as after the point at which the one or more metal-bearing compounds have been provided;
(f) permitting the one or more metal-bearing compounds to catalyze the conversion of the corresponding one or more hydrogen halides to one or more corresponding elemental halogen compounds;
(g) permitting the resulting one or more corresponding elemental halogen compounds to react with the gaseous mercury present in the combustion zone or flue gas stream of the furnace, or boiler, thereby resulting in the oxidation of the gaseous mercury so as to convert the gaseous mercury into one or more corresponding mercury halides, and
(h) permitting the one or more kaolin-bearing compounds to react with one or more of gas phase sodium, gas phase sodium compounds, gas phase potassium, and/or gas phase potassium compounds so as to reduce or prevent the poisoning and/or contamination of a catalyst in the SCR.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from at least one inorganic iron-bearing compound.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from metallic iron, one or more iron oxides, iron carbonate, iron (II) acetate, iron (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from iron (III) oxide, iron (II) carbonate, iron (II) oxide, iron (II) acetate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from an organic iron-bearing compound.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from metallic nickel, nickel acetate, nickel bromate, nickel bromide, nickel carbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel chloride, nickel fluoride, nickel hydroxide, nickel iodate, nickel iodide, nickel nitrate, nickel oxide, nickel sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from an organic nickel-bearing compound.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from metallic copper, copper acetate, copper bromate, copper bromide, copper trioxybromide, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate, copper chloride, copper fluoride, copper hydroxide, copper iodate, copper iodide, copper nitrate, copper oxide, copper sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from an organic copper-bearing compound.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from metallic zinc, zinc acetate, zinc bromate, zinc bromide, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc ferrate, zinc fluoride, zinc hydroxide, zinc iodate, zinc iodide, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from an organic zinc-bearing compound.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-bearing compound is selected from one or more iron-bearing compounds, one or more nickel-bearing compounds, one or more copper-bearing compounds, one or more zinc-bearing compounds, or mixtures of any two or more thereof.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal-bearing compounds are provided to the combustion zone via addition to pulverized coal.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more metal-bearing compounds are provided to the combustion zone via a dedicated supply line.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve a desired level of mercury capture is reduced by at least 30 percent due to the implementation of the method of claim 1 when compared to the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve the same desired level of mercury capture without the use of the one or more metal-bearing compounds of the method of claim 1 .
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve a desired level of mercury capture is reduced by at least 50 percent due to the implementation of the method of claim 1 when compared to the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve the same desired level of mercury capture without the use of the one or more metal-bearing compounds of the method of claim 1 .
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method simultaneously achieves selenium speciation control.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more halogen-containing compounds are selected from one or more organic, or inorganic, bromine-containing compounds.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more halogen-containing compounds are selected from one or more inorganic bromine-containing compounds.
20. A method for reducing the amount and/or concentration of one or more halogen-containing compounds used to achieve mercury capture in a flue gas while simultaneously controlling both gas phase selenium speciation and one or more of gas phase sodium, gas phase sodium compounds, gas phase potassium, and/or gas phase potassium compounds, the method comprising the steps of:
(i) providing at least one coal-based fuel to the furnace, or boiler;
(ii) subjecting the at least one coal-based fuel to a staged combustion process, wherein the staged combustion process produces gaseous mercury;
(iii) providing one or more halogen-containing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR, wherein the halogen portion of the one or more halogen-containing compounds are liberated in the combustion zone or flue gas stream of the furnace or boiler and are converted to one or more corresponding gaseous hydrogen halide compounds;
(iv) providing one or more first metal-bearing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, at one or more points selected from injection points A through G that is both prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR as well as after a point where the majority of the one or more halogen-bearing compounds have been converted to the corresponding gaseous hydrogen halides;
(v) providing one or more second metal-bearing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, at a point that prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR;
(vi) providing one or more kaolin-bearing compounds to a combustion zone or flue gas stream of a furnace, or boiler, at one or more points selected from injection points M, N, O, P or Q that is both prior to entry of the flue gas into an SCR as well as after the points at which both the one or more first metal-bearing compounds and the one or more second metal-bearing compounds have been provided;
(vii) permitting the one or more first metal-bearing compounds to catalyze the conversion of the corresponding one or more hydrogen halides to one or more corresponding elemental halogen compounds;
(viii) permitting the resulting one or more corresponding elemental halogen compounds to react with the gaseous mercury present in the combustion zone or flue gas stream of the furnace, or boiler, thereby resulting in the oxidation of the gaseous mercury so as to convert the gaseous mercury into one or more corresponding mercury halides;
(ix) permitting the one or more second metal-bearing compounds to react with one or more gaseous selenium compounds or gaseous selenium-containing compounds thereby resulting in the reduction of any gaseous selenium ions to a lower oxidation state; and
(x) permitting the one or more kaolin-bearing compounds to react with one or more of gas phase sodium, gas phase sodium compounds, gas phase potassium, and/or gas phase potassium compounds so as to reduce or prevent the poisoning and/or contamination of a catalyst in the SCR,
wherein the metal portion of the one or more first metal-bearing compounds and the metal portion of the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are different metals.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more first metal-bearing compounds are selected from at least one inorganic iron-bearing compound.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more first metal-bearing compounds are selected from metallic iron, one or more iron oxides, iron carbonate, iron (II) acetate, iron (II) nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more first metal-bearing compounds are selected from iron (III) oxide, iron (II) carbonate, iron (II) oxide, iron (II) acetate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more first metal-bearing compounds are selected from an organic iron-bearing compound.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from metallic nickel, nickel acetate, nickel bromate, nickel bromide, nickel carbonate, basic nickel carbonate, nickel chloride, nickel fluoride, nickel hydroxide, nickel iodate, nickel iodide, nickel nitrate, nickel oxide, nickel sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from an organic nickel-bearing compound.
27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from metallic copper, copper acetate, copper bromate, copper bromide, copper trioxybromide, copper carbonate, basic copper carbonate, copper chloride, copper fluoride, copper hydroxide, copper iodate, copper iodide, copper nitrate, copper oxide, copper sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from an organic copper-bearing compound.
29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from metallic zinc, zinc acetate, zinc bromate, zinc bromide, zinc carbonate, zinc chloride, zinc ferrate, zinc fluoride, zinc hydroxide, zinc iodate, zinc iodide, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from an organic zinc-bearing compound.
31. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more second metal-bearing compounds are selected from one or more iron-bearing compounds, one or more nickel-bearing compounds, one or more copper-bearing compounds, one or more zinc-bearing compounds, or mixtures of any two or more thereof.
32. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more first metal-bearing compounds and the one or more second metal-bearing compound are both provided to the combustion zone via addition to pulverized coal.
33. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more first metal-bearing compounds and the one or more second metal-bearing compound are both provided to the combustion zone via a dedicated supply line.
34. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve a desired level of mercury capture is reduced by at least 30 percent due to the implementation of the method of claim 20 when compared to the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve the same desired level of mercury capture without the use of the one or more metal-bearing compounds of the method of claim 20 .
35. The method of claim 20 , wherein the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve a desired level of mercury capture is reduced by at least 50 percent due to the implementation of the method of claim 20 when compared to the amount of the one or more halogen compounds necessary to achieve the same desired level of mercury capture without the use of the one or more metal-bearing compounds of the method of claim 20 .
36. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more halogen-containing compounds are selected from one or more organic, or inorganic, bromine-containing compounds.
37. The method of claim 20 , wherein the one or more halogen-containing compounds are selected from one or more inorganic bromine-containing compounds.