Waste water treatment method
Systems and methods have been developed for reclaiming water contaminated with the expected range of contaminants typically associated with produced water, including water contaminated with slick water, methanol and boron. The system includes anaerobically digesting the contaminated water, followed by aerating the water to enhance biological digestion. After aeration, the water is separated using a flotation operation that effectively removes the spent friction reducing agents and allows the treated water to be reclaimed and reused as fracturing water, even though it retains levels of contaminants, including boron and methanol, that would prevent its discharge to the environment under existing standards. The treated water may further be treated by removing the methanol via biological digestion in a bioreactor, separating a majority of the contaminants from the water by reverse osmosis and removing the boron that passes through the reverse osmosis system with a boron-removing ion exchange resin.
1. A method for treating contaminated water comprising:
anaerobically treating contaminated water for at least a first mean residence time;
aerating the contaminated water for a second mean residence time;
biologically digesting the anaerobically treated and aerated contaminated water to produce a digested effluent,
wherein the contaminated water is contaminated with at least about 7,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l) of total dissolved solids and at least about 500 mg/l of methanol and wherein the digested effluent contains less than about 500 mg/l of total dissolved solids and less than about 1 mg/l methanol; and
separating contaminants from the digested effluent with one or more of a reverse osmosis system and an ultra filtration system to produce a filtered effluent and a reject stream.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filtered effluent contains at least some boron.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the produced water contains at least about 10 mg/l of boron and the method further comprises:
removing at least some of the boron from the filtered effluent via an ion-exchange resin selected for the removal of boron to obtain boron treatment system effluent having less than about 2 mg/l boron.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
receiving the produced water at a first pH less than about 10.0; and
wherein the steps of claim 1 are performed on water at a pH less than about 10.0.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
separating contaminants from the digested effluent with a desalination system to obtain a desalination effluent having a concentration of salt less than a desired concentration of salt.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein at least some of the methanol removed by the biologically digesting operation is generated as part of the anaerobically treating operation.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
concentrating at least some of the reject stream to produce a concentrated reject stream.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the concentrating operation further comprises:
evaporating at least some of the reject stream.
9. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
injecting the concentrated reject stream into a disposal well.
10. A method for treating contaminated water comprising:
anaerobically treating contaminated water for at least a first mean residence time;
aerating the contaminated water for a second mean residence time;
biologically digesting the contaminated water to produce a digested effluent,
wherein the contaminated water is contaminated with at least about 7,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l) of total dissolved solids and at least about 500 mg/l of methanol, and
wherein the anaerobically treated, aerated and digested contaminated water contains less than about 500 mg/l of total dissolved solids and less than about 1 mg/l methanol; and
concentrating the anaerobically treated, aerated and digested contaminated water to produce a concentrated stream.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the concentrating operation further comprises:
evaporating at least some of the anaerobically treated, aerated and digested produced water.
12. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
injecting the concentrated stream into a disposal well.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
separating contaminants from the anaerobically treated, aerated and digested produced water with a filtration system.
14. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
removing immiscible phase hydrocarbons from the produced water.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the removing operation is performed before the anaerobically treating, aerating, and biologically digesting operations.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the removing operation is performed using a gravity separator.
17. A method for treating contaminated water comprising:
anaerobically treating contaminated water for at least a first mean residence time;
aerating the contaminated water for a second mean residence time;
biologically digesting the contaminated water
wherein the contaminated water is contaminated with at least about 7,000 milligrams per liter (mg/l) of total dissolved solids and at least about 500 mg/l of methanol, and
wherein the anaerobically treated, aerated and digested contaminated water contains less than about 500 mg/l of total dissolved solids and less than about 1 mg/l methanol;
concentrating the anaerobically treated, aerated and digested produced water to produce a concentrated stream; and
injecting the concentrated stream into a disposal well.
18. The method of claim 17 further comprising: removing immiscible phase hydrocarbons from the produced water.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the removing operation is performed before the anaerobically treating, aerating, and biologically digesting operations.
20. The method of claim 18 wherein the removing operation is performed using a gravity separator.