Oxidation process for interconnects and end plates using nitrous oxide
View Patent ↗Embodiments include methods and systems for oxidizing an interconnect for a fuel cell stack that include generating atomic oxygen, and forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces of at least one interconnect using the atomic oxygen. In various embodiments, the atomic oxygen may be generated by thermally decomposing nitrous oxide gas into molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen. In further embodiments, the atomic oxygen may be generated by catalytically decomposing nitrous oxide gas into molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen. In further embodiments, the atomic oxygen may be generated using microwave discharge. In the various embodiments, the oxidation of the interconnect may be a controlled oxidation that is performed prior to incorporating the interconnect into a fuel cell stack.
1. A method for oxidizing a solid oxide fuel cell interconnect for a solid oxide fuel cell stack, comprising:
generating atomic oxygen; and
forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect using the atomic oxygen,
wherein at least one of:
(i) generating atomic oxygen comprises heating nitrous oxide gas to thermally decompose the nitrous oxide gas into molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen:
(ii) generating atomic oxygen comprises catalytically reacting nitrous oxide gas to decompose the nitrous oxide gas into molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen; and
(iii) the atomic oxygen is generated using a microwave discharge.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating atomic oxygen comprises:
heating nitrous oxide gas to thermally decompose the nitrous oxide gas into molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
introducing the nitrous oxide gas into a processing chamber containing the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect, the processing chamber being heated to a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose the nitrous oxide gas and to form the oxide layer on exposed surfaces of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oxide layer is formed at a temperature of 700-950° C.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the processing chamber comprises a vacuum furnace.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating atomic oxygen comprises:
catalytically reacting nitrous oxide gas to decompose the nitrous oxide gas into molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
flowing the nitrous oxide gas over a catalyst material to promote catalytic decomposition of the nitrous oxide gas into the molecular nitrogen and atomic oxygen; and
flowing the atomic oxygen over the exposed surfaces the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to form the oxide layer.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the oxide layer is formed at a temperature of 250-700° C.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the atomic oxygen is generated using a microwave discharge.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the atomic oxygen is generated using a microwave discharge apparatus in fluid communication with the interior of a processing chamber containing the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect, the method further comprising:
directing atomic oxygen from the microwave discharge apparatus into the processing chamber and into contact with the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the oxide layer is formed at a temperature of 250-700° C.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxide layer is formed at a temperature of less than 950° C.
13. A method for oxidizing a solid oxide fuel cell interconnect for a solid oxide fuel cell stack, comprising:
generating atomic oxygen;
forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect using the atomic oxygen; and
incorporating the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect into a solid oxide fuel cell stack following the oxidation.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect comprises an end plate that is incorporated into the solid oxide fuel cell stack at an end of the solid oxide fuel cell stack.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces comprises forming the oxide layer on exposed surfaces of pores of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to at least partially fill the pores with oxide material.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell interconnects are oxidized and the fuel cell stack is a solid oxide fuel cell stack.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
stacking the plurality of solid oxide fuel cell interconnects into at least one column;
positioning the at least one column into a container; and
providing atomic oxygen into the interior of the container to oxidize the solid oxide fuel cell interconnects.
18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect into the solid oxide fuel cell stack following the oxidation, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect comprises a chromium and 4-6 volume % iron gas separator plate with ribs and forming the oxide layer comprises oxidizing the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to form an oxide of at least one of chromium or iron.
19. A method for oxidizing a plurality of solid oxide fuel cell interconnects for a solid oxide fuel cell stack, comprising:
stacking the plurality of solid oxide fuel cell interconnects into at least one column;
positioning the at least one column into a container;
loading the container into a vacuum furnace;
generating atomic oxygen; and
providing the atomic oxygen into the interior of the container to oxidize the solid oxide fuel cell interconnects by forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnects using the atomic oxygen.
20. The method of claim 16 , further comprising:
hanging the solid oxide fuel cell interconnects in a processing chamber such that the solid oxide fuel cell interconnects are exposed to the atomic oxygen.
21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising incorporating the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect into the solid oxide fuel cell stack following the oxidation, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect comprises a chromium and 4-6 volume % iron gas separator plate with ribs and forming the oxide layer comprises oxidizing the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to form an oxide of at least one of chromium or iron.
22. A method for oxidizing a solid oxide fuel cell interconnect for a solid oxide fuel cell stack, comprising:
generating atomic oxygen; and
forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect using the atomic oxygen, wherein at least one of:
(i) the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect is formed by powder metallurgy and comprises chromium and 4-6 volume % of iron, and
(ii) forming an oxide layer on exposed surfaces comprises forming the oxide layer on exposed surfaces of pores of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to at least partially fill the pores with oxide material.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising incorporating the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect into the solid oxide fuel cell stack following the oxidation, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect comprises the chromium and 4-6 volume % iron gas separator plate with ribs and forming the oxide layer comprises oxidizing the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to form an oxide of at least one of chromium or iron.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect is formed by powder metallurgy and comprises chromium and 4-6 volume % of iron, and forming the oxide layer on exposed surfaces comprises forming the oxide layer on exposed surfaces of pores of the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to at least partially fill the pores with the chromium oxide or iron oxide material.
25. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect is incorporated into the solid oxide fuel cell stack between two solid oxide fuel cells and wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect is a as separator plate with ribs.
26. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect comprises a chromium and 4-6 volume % iron gas separator plate with ribs and forming the oxide layer comprises oxidizing the solid oxide fuel cell interconnect to form an oxide of at least one of chromium or iron.