Process for the manufacturing of surface elements
A process for the manufacturing of surface elements is provided herein. The surface elements can include a decorative upper layer and a supporting core. A supporting core with a desired format is manufactured and provided with an upper side and a lower side. The upper side of the supporting core is provided with a décor, by for example printing, which décor is positioned after a predetermined fixed point on the supporting core. The upper side of the supporting core is provided with a protecting, at least partly translucent, wear layer by for example spray coating, roller coating, curtain coating and immersion coating or by being provided with one or more sheets of α-cellulose impregnated with thermosetting resin or lacquer.
1. A floor covering comprising a plurality of joined surface elements, each surface element comprising:
a supporting core comprising a material selected from the group consisting of fiberboard and polymer material, wherein the supporting core is provided with a plurality of edges, at least one of the edges provided with a joining element, wherein the joining element joins the at least one edge to an edge of an adjacent surface element of the plurality of surface elements;
a ground coating comprising a layer of cured primer provided on the surface of the supporting core;
a digitally printed décor comprising inks of at least four colors applied on top of the ground coating, the printed décor being aligned with the at least one edge, wherein the printed décor has a resolution of 300 dots per inch (dpi) or more; and
a translucent wear layer comprising cured melamine-formaldehyde resin and hard particles with an average particle size in the range of about 30 μm to about 150 μm, wherein the translucent wear layer is provided with a structured surface and exhibits an abrasion resistance according to International Standards Organization (ISO) 4586/2-88, having an initial wear point value (IP-value) of at least 3100 turns.
2. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein at least two adjacent edges of the supporting core are provided with joining elements, the joining element at a first of the two adjacent edges being substantially shaped as a tongue, while the joining element at a second of the two adjacent edges being substantially shaped as a groove.
3. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the supporting core further comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene.
4. The floor covering of claim 3 , wherein the supporting core, except the polymer material, comprises a filler in the form of a particle or fiber of organic or inorganic material.
5. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein hard particles are provided at the surface of the translucent wear layer, wherein the hard particles comprise an average particle size in the range of about 50 nm to about 30 μm.
6. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the surface structure is directed in accordance with the alignment of the printed décor.
7. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the four colors at least include magenta, yellow and black.
8. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the four colors at least include a spot color.
9. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the hard particles are alpha-aluminum oxide particles.
10. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the surface elements are rectangular and the printed decor is aligned with a long edge of the surface element.
11. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the hard particles are completely embedded in the translucent wear layer.
12. A floor covering comprising a plurality of joined surface elements, each surface element comprising:
a supporting core comprising a material selected from the group consisting of fiberboard and polymer material, wherein the supporting core is provided with a plurality of edges, at least one of the edges provided with a joining element, wherein the joining element joins the at least one edge to an edge of an adjacent surface element of the plurality of surface elements;
a ground coating comprising a layer of cured primer provided on the surface of the supporting core;
a digitally printed décor comprising inks of at least four colors applied on top of the ground coating, the printed décor being aligned with the at least one edge, wherein the printed décor has a resolution of 300 dots per inch (dpi) or more; and
a translucent wear layer comprising cured acrylic lacquer and hard particles with an average particle size in the range of about 30 μm to about 150 μm, wherein the translucent wear layer is provided with a structured surface and exhibits an abrasion resistance according to International Standards Organization (ISO) 4586/2-88, having an initial wear point value (IP-value) of at least 3100 turns.
13. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein at least two adjacent edges of the supporting core are provided with joining elements, the joining element at a first of the two adjacent edges being substantially shaped as a tongue, while the joining element at a second of the two adjacent edges being substantially shaped as a groove.
14. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein the supporting core further comprises a polymer material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene.
15. The floor covering of claim 14 , wherein the supporting core, except the polymer material, comprises a filler in the form of a particle or fiber of organic or inorganic material.
16. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein hard particles are provided at the surface of the translucent wear layer, wherein the hard particles comprise an average particle size in the range of about 50 nm to about 30 μm.
17. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein the surface structure is directed in accordance with the alignment of the printed décor.
18. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein the four colors at least include magenta, yellow and black.
19. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein the four colors at least include a spot color.
20. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein the hard particles are alpha-aluminum oxide particles.
21. The floor covering of claim 12 , wherein the surface elements are rectangular and the printed decor is aligned with a long edge of the surface element.
22. The floor covering of claim 1 , wherein the hard particles are completely embedded in the translucent wear layer.