Voltage based method for fault identification in a transmission line apparatus thereof

1. A method for reclosing a circuit breaker coupled to a power transmission line, comprising:

opening the circuit breaker when a single-phase fault occurs;

measuring real-time values of currents and voltages of unbroken, healthy phase conductors when the single-phase fault occurs;

calculating an inductive voltage and a capacitive coupling voltage according to the measured currents and the measured voltages respectively;

comparing the capacitive coupling voltage with a multiplication result being the inductive voltage multiplied by a factor, in which the multiplication result is a self-adjusted threshold based on a real-time load condition of the transmission line;

determining a larger value between the capacitive coupling voltage and the multiplication result based on the comparison;

identifying a fault type based on the larger value between the capacitive coupling voltage and the multiplication result; and

closing the circuit breaker in response to identifying the fault type as a transient fault.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein if the capacitive coupling voltage is larger than the multiplication result, the method further comprising:

measuring a terminal voltage at a terminal of an opened phase conductor,

selecting a larger multiplication result between the inductive voltage multiplied by a second factor, and the capacitive coupling voltage multiplied by a third factor,

comparing the terminal voltage with the larger multiplication result; and

identifying that the fault is a transient fault if the terminal voltage is larger than the larger multiplication result, otherwise the fault is a permanent fault.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein if the capacitive coupling voltage is less than the multiplication result, the method further comprising:

measuring a terminal voltage at a terminal of an opened phase conductor;

selecting a larger multiplication result between the inductive voltage multiplied by a fourth factor, and the capacitive coupling voltage multiplied by a fifth factor;

comparing a subtraction result being the terminal voltage subtracted by half of the inductive voltage with the larger multiplication result, as well as comparing an addition result being the terminal voltage added to half of the inductive voltage with the larger multiplication result; and

identifying that the fault is a transient fault if the subtraction result and the addition result are larger than the larger multiplication result; otherwise the fault is a permanent fault.

4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein identifying the fault type comprises distinguishing a permanent fault and a transient fault in a case of power flow direction conversion of the transmission line.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the single-phase fault is a phase A fault, the inductive voltage is calculated according to measured currents by the following equation:

U

X

=

(

I

B

+

I

C

)

*

(

Z

0

-

Z

1

)

3

,

in which U X is the inductive voltage, I B and I C are the real-time values of currents of unbroken, healthy phase conductors phase B and C respectively measured when the single-phase fault occurs, b 0 and b 1 are zero-sequence impedance and positive sequence impedance of a protected transmission line respectively.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the single-phase fault is a phase A fault, the capacitive coupling voltage is calculated according to measured voltages by the following equation:

U

M

=

(

U

B

+

U

C

)

*

(

b

1

-

b

0

)

2

*

b

1

+

b

0

,

in which U M is the capacitive coupling voltage, U B and U C are the real-time values of voltages of the unbroken, healthy phase conductors phase B and C respectively measured when the single-phase fault occurs, b 0 and b 1 are zero-sequence capacitive susceptance and positive sequence capacitive susceptance per unit line length of the transmission line respectively.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the factor is based on a length and a load of the transmission line.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the factor is dynamically adjusted based on a length and a load of the transmission line.

9. A transmission line fault identification system comprising:

a circuit breaker coupled to a transmission line;

wherein the transmission line fault identification system is structured to:

open the circuit breaker after a single-phase fault occurs;

measure real-time values of currents and voltages of unbroken, healthy phase conductors when a single-phase fault occurs and measure a terminal voltage at a terminal of an opened phase conductor,

calculate an inductive voltage and a capacitive coupling voltage according to the measured currents and the measured voltages respectively,

compare the capacitive coupling voltage with a multiplication result being the inductive voltage multiplied by a factor, in which the multiplication result is a self-adjusted threshold based on a real-time load condition of the transmission line,

determines a larger value between the capacitive coupling voltage and the multiplication result based on the comparison,

identify a fault type based on the larger value between the capacitive coupling voltage and the multiplication result, and

close the circuit breaker in response to identifying the fault type as transient.

10. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 9 , further configured to select a larger multiplication result between the inductive voltage multiplied by a second factor, and the capacitive coupling voltage multiplied by a third factor, and compare the terminal voltage with the larger multiplication result; and

wherein the transmission line fault identification system is further configured to identify that the fault is a transient fault if the capacitive coupling voltage is larger than the multiplication result and the terminal voltage is larger than the larger multiplication result, or the fault is a permanent fault if the capacitive coupling voltage is larger than the multiplication result and the terminal voltage is less than the larger multiplication result.

11. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 9 , further adapted to select a larger multiplication result between the inductive voltage multiplied by a fourth factor, and the capacitive coupling voltage multiplied by a fifth factor; and

compare a subtraction result being the terminal voltage subtracted by half of the inductive voltage with the larger multiplication result, as well as compare an addition result being the terminal voltage added to half of the inductive voltage with the larger multiplication result; and

wherein the transmission line fault identification system is further adapted to identify that the fault is a transient fault if the subtraction result and the addition result are larger than the larger multiplication result; otherwise the fault is a permanent fault.

12. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 11 , further configured to distinguish a permanent fault and a transient fault in a case of power flow direction conversion of the transmission line.

13. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 9 , wherein the single-phase fault is a phase A fault, the inductive voltage U X is calculated according to measured currents I B and I C by the following equation:

U

M

=

(

U

B

+

U

C

)

*

(

b

1

-

b

0

)

2

*

b

1

+

b

0

,

in which I B and I C are the real-time values of currents of the unbroken, healthy phase conductors phase B and C, respectively, measured when the single-phase fault occurs, Z 0 and Z 1 are zero-sequence impedance and positive sequence impedance of a protected transmission line.

14. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 9 , wherein the single-phase fault is a phase A fault, the capacitive coupling voltage U M is calculated according to measured voltages U B and U C by the following equation:

U

X

=

(

I

B

+

I

C

)

*

(

Z

0

-

Z

1

)

3

,

in which U B and U C are the real-time values of voltages of the unbroken, healthy phase conductors phase B and C, respectively, measured when the single-phase fault occurs, b 0 and b 1 are zero-sequence capacitive susceptance and positive sequence capacitive susceptance per unit line length of the transmission line respectively.

15. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 9 , wherein the factor is based on a length and a load of the transmission line.

16. The transmission line fault identification system according to claim 9 , wherein the factor is dynamically adjusted based on a length and a load of the transmission line.