Downhole apparatus and method
A downhole apparatus comprising a body ( 12 ) configured to be coupled to a production tubular and an upper opening and a lower opening. First ( 28 a ) and second ( 28 b ) flow paths are provided between the upper opening ( 22 ) and the lower opening ( 24 ) in the body, and a flow diverter ( 34 ) is arranged to direct downward flow through the body towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path. A filter device ( 31 ) in the second flow path filters or collects solid particles in the second flow path from passing out of the lower opening of the apparatus. The apparatus has particular application to artificial lift hydrocarbon production systems, and may be installed above a down-hole pump in a production tubing to prevent solids from settling on the pump during pump shutdown. Embodiments for use with ESPs and PCPs are described.
1. A downhole apparatus comprising:
a body configured to be coupled to a production tubular and comprising an upper opening and a lower opening;
a first flow path between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body;
a second flow path between the upper opening and the lower opening in the body;
a flow diverter arranged to direct downward flow through the body towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path; and
a device in the second flow path for filtering or collecting solid particles from the second flow path,
wherein the first flow path and the second flow path are in fluid communication with one another;
and wherein fluid flowing in the first flow path in an upward direction causes fluid flow in the second flow path which carries filtered or collected solid particles away from the device.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the body is a tubular configured to be assembled into a production tubing, and the first flow path is arranged to receive the upward flow of production fluid from a hydrocarbon well.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second flow path is located in an annular space between the first flow path and a wall of the body.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the second flow path comprises an annular flow path disposed around the first flow path.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second flow paths are in fluid communication with one another via one or more vents.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 wherein the distribution of the vents is non-uniform.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flow diverter comprises a valve;
wherein the valve is operable to close the first flow path against flow in a downward direction through the apparatus; and wherein the valve is operable to open the first flow path when fluid flows in an upward direction in the apparatus.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the valve is biased towards a closed position.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the valve is configured for intervention from surface.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the valve is configured to be removed from the well by a wireline intervention.
11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to accommodate the passage of a drive shaft for a downhole pump.
12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the flow diverter comprises a petal valve.
13. The apparatus as claimed claim 1 , wherein the first and second flow paths are in fluid communication with one another via one or more vents, and wherein the one or more vents comprises a one-way valve operable to be closed to flow from the second flow path to the first flow path, and open to flow from the first flow path to the second flow path.
14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flow diverter is arranged to direct downward flow of fluid through the body, and solid particles falling by gravity in the fluid, towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path.
15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the device in the second flow path is configured to filter solid particles from downward flow of fluid through the second flow path or collect solid particles falling by gravity in the second flow path.
16. A hydrocarbon production system comprising:
a production tubing;
a downhole apparatus according to claim 1 coupled into the production tubing; and
at least one downhole pump coupled to the production tubing below the downhole apparatus.
17. A downhole pump assembly comprising a downhole pump and at least one downhole apparatus according to claim 1 .
18. A method of operating a hydrocarbon well, the method comprising:
providing a production tubular, a downhole pump in the production tubular, and a body coupled to a production tubular above the downhole pump and comprising an upper opening and a lower opening;
in a production phase, operating the downhole pump to cause fluid to flow in a first flow path upward through the body;
ceasing operation of the pump;
directing downward flow of fluid and/or entrained solids to a second flow path in the body;
filtering or collecting solid particles in the second flow path; and
carrying filtered or collected solid particles out of the upper opening of the body by operating the downhole pump.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein carrying filtered or collected solid particles out of the upper opening of the body comprises:
operating the downhole pump to cause fluid to flow in the first flow path upward through the body; and
inducing fluid flow in the second flow path to carry filtered or collected solid particles upwards through the body.
20. The method as claimed in claim 18 , comprising directing downward flow of fluid through the body, and solid particles falling by gravity in the fluid, towards the second flow path and away from the first flow path.
21. The method as claimed in claim 18 , comprising filtering solid particles from downward flow of fluid through the second flow path or collecting solid particles falling by gravity in the second flow path.