Flexible pipe body and method of producing same
To produce a flexible pipe body, a length of tensile armour element ( 300 ) of pre-preg composite material is fed towards a fluid-retaining layer ( 602 ). The tensile armour element ( 300 ) passes through a guide ( 604 ) an a pre-heater ( 606 ). The tensile armour element ( 300 ) is then applied to the fluid-retaining layer ( 602 ), being wrapped around the fluid-etaining layer ( 602 ) by virtue of the rotation of the layer ( 602 ), the linear translation of the layer ( 602 ), and the fixed position of the tensile armour element feed ( 601 ). The element ( 300 ) is fed to the fluid-retaining layer under a constant, predetermined controlled tension. Positioning head ( 608 ) helps to position the element ( 300 ) on the fluid-retaining layer ( 602 ). As tensile armour element is wound onto the pipe body, the pipe body continues to move in a, linear direction and the pipe body moves through an oven ( 610 ).
1. A method of producing a flexible pipe body for transporting production fluids from a sub-sea location, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of lengths of a thermosetting composite material and stacking the plurality of lengths of the thermosetting composite material to form a tensile armour element;
applying a heat-shrink tape or a heat-shrink sleeve to the plurality of lengths of the thermosetting composite material;
helically wrapping the tensile armour element, under a predetermined tension, around a fluid-retaining layer; and
then heating the tensile armour element to cure the thermosetting composite material and form a bond between the stacked lengths of the thermosetting composite material while preventing neighboring elements of the tensile armour element from bonding together during the curing process;
wherein the tensile armour element forms a structural armour layer, and said armour layer comprises a lay angle in a range of about 10° to about 55°.
2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the thermosetting composite material comprises a thermosetting matrix material and a plurality of reinforcing fibers.
3. The method as in claim 2 , wherein more than 50% of the plurality of reinforcing fibers are aligned in a direction substantially axially with the length of the material.
4. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the thermosetting composite material is substantially free from residual strain.
5. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the predetermined tension is in the range of 100 N to 1000 N.
6. The method as in claim 1 , wherein helically wrapping the tensile armour element comprises helically wrapping the length such that adjacent sections of the thermosetting composite material helically wrapped around the fluid-retaining layer do not overlap.
7. The method as in claim 1 , wherein helically wrapping the tensile armour element comprises helically wrapping the length such that adjacent sections of the thermosetting composite material helically wrapped around the fluid-retaining layer at least partially overlap.
8. The method as in claim 1 , wherein the heat-shrink tape or the heat-shrink sleeve comprises a low friction material.
9. A flexible pipe body for transporting production fluids from a sub-sea location, comprising:
a fluid-retaining layer; and
at least one structural armour layer comprising a tensile armour element comprising a plurality of stacked lengths of thermosetting composite material, provided over the fluid-retaining layer, and further comprising a heat-shrink tape or a heat-shrink sleeve over the plurality of stacked lengths of thermostetting composite material;
wherein the armour layer is formed by helically wrapping the tensile armour element, under a predetermined tension, around the fluid-retaining layer and then heating the tensile armour element to cure the thermosetting material and forming a bond between the stacked lengths of the thermosetting material; and
wherein said armour layer has a lay angle in a range of about 10° to about 55°.
10. The flexible pipe body as in claim 9 , wherein the thermosetting composite material comprises a thermosetting matrix material and a plurality of reinforcing fibers.
11. The flexible pipe body as in claim 10 , wherein more than 50% of the plurality of reinforcing fibers are aligned in a direction substantially axially with the length of the material.
12. The flexible pipe body as in claim 9 , wherein the armour layer is substantially free from residual strain.
13. The flexible pipe body as in claim 9 , wherein the predetermined tension is in the range of 100 N to 1000 N.
14. The flexible pipe body as in claim 9 , wherein adjacent sections of the thermosetting composite material helically wrapped over the fluid-retaining layer do not overlap with the armour layer.
15. The flexible pipe body as in claim 9 , wherein adjacent sections of the thermosetting composite material helically wrapped over the fluid-retaining layer at least partially overlap with the armour layer.
16. The flexible pipe body as in claim 9 , wherein the heat-shrink tape or heat-shrink sleeve comprises a low friction material.