Blends of a polylactic acid and a water soluble polymer
The present invention relates to water-dispersive biodegradable compositions which may be formed into films and fibers. The present invention also relates to polymer blends comprising polylactide and water-soluble polymers. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of grafted copolymers (PLA-grafted water-soluble polymers) for the compatibilization of PLA and water-soluble polymers. Such reactive compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends is achieved in such a way that main blend components are covalently bonded. In addition, such reactive compatibilization can be carried out by reactive extrusion.
1. An apparatus, comprising: a smoking article filter element including water-dispersive fibres formed from a composition comprising a blend of polylactide (PLA) and a water soluble polymer, wherein the blend further comprises a reactive compatibilizer in an amount sufficient to compatibilize the blend.
2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of: polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), methyl cellulose (MC) and ethyl cellulose (EC), xanthan and pullulan, and blends thereof.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the water soluble polymer is one of PVOH and HEC.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the water soluble polymer is included in an amount within the range of 30 to 70 wt % of the blend of polylactide and water soluble polymer.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactive compatibilizer is a grafted copolymer.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the grafted copolymer is a copolymer of PLA and a compound reactive towards hydroxyl groups.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the grafted copolymer is maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide (MA-g-PLA).
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one of 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, an acyl peroxide, an aralkyl peroxide, a peroxyester, a dialkyl peroxymonocarbonate, a peroxydicarbonate, a hydroperoxide, a ketone peroxide, and an azo compound.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of agents improving the melt viscosity of the composition, anti-static agents, organo-modified clays, pigments, colorants, lubricants and slip agents.
10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the additional components are included in an amount of less than 3 weight percent of the final composition.
11. A method of preparing the apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , the method comprising forming water-dispersive fibres from the composition comprising a blend of polylactide and a water soluble polymer, and processing through reactive extrusion of a blend of polylactide, a water soluble polymer and a reactive compatibilizer.
12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the polylactide, water soluble polymer and reactive compatibilizer are melt blended.
13. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the reactive compatibilizer is maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide prepared by reactive extrusion of PLA and maleic anhydride.
14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide comprises from 0.1 to 5 mot % of grafted maleic anhydride.
15. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein compatibilization involves the formation of chemical covalent bonds.
16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the water soluble polymer is included in an amount within the range of 40 to 60 wt % of the blend of polylactide and water soluble polymer.
17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the water soluble polymer is included in an amount within the range of 45 to 55 wt % of the blend of polylactide and water soluble polymer.
18. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide comprises from 0.2 to 1 mol % of grafted maleic anhydride.
19. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the maleic anhydride-grafted polylactide comprises from 0.3 to 0.65 mol % of grafted maleic anhydride.