Crowding agent-induced nucleic acid transfer into a recipient host cell
The presently disclosed invention relates to methods of transferring large nucleic acid molecules or a genome from one cell (the donor) into heterologous host cells in the presence of a crowding agent. The method allows for greater ease and efficiency of transfer of genetic material. Introduction of the donor genetic material into the recipient host cells also allows for manipulation of the donor nucleic acid molecule or genome within the host cells. Methods disclosed herein can be used to alter donor genomes from intractable donor cells in more tractable host cells.
1. A method for the transplantation of a bacterial donor genome from bacterial donor cells to yeast host cells comprising:
obtaining a population of bacterial donor cells comprising said bacterial donor genome, wherein said donor genome is an essentially intact nucleic acid molecule that is at least a minimal genome, and is greater than about 150 kb in length, and wherein the donor bacterial genome comprises a selection marker, a yeast centromere and a yeast autonomously replicating sequence; and
contacting said population of bacterial donor cells with a population of yeast host cells in the presence of from about 12% (w/w) to about 20% (w/w) of a crowding agent, thereby transplanting the donor genome and generating a population of yeast host cells comprising the donor genome.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterial donor cells comprise cell walls and obtaining a population of bacterial donor cells comprises removing the cell walls prior to contact with said population of yeast host cells.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said crowding agent is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 17% (w/w).
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said crowding agent is present in an amount of about 16% (w/w).
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein said crowding agent is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the polyethylene glycol (PEG) is PEG 8000.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the PEG 8000 is present at a concentration of about 16% (w/w).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said crowding agent is polyethylene glycol (PEG).
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the polyethylene glycol (PEG) is PEG 8000 and is present at a concentration of about 16% (w/w).
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the populations of donor cells' with the population of yeast host cells in the presence of CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , or both.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein prior to or contemporaneous with contacting the bacterial donor cells with the yeast host cells the population of donor cells is contacted with an agent that inhibits protein synthesis.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the agent that inhibits protein synthesis is puromycin or chloramphenicol.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said yeast host cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor cell is Mycoplasma mycoides.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the host cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the donor cell is at least partially restriction nuclease negative.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the donor cell is restriction nuclease negative.
18. The method of claim 1 further comprising that contacting the population of bacterial donor cells with the population of yeast host cells is performed in the presence of a restriction nuclease inhibitor.
19. The method of claim 1 , further comprising modifying the donor bacterial genome within the host cell.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the modifying comprises inducing one or more substitutions, one or more deletions, one or more insertions, one or more rearrangements, one or more recombinations, one or more homologous recombinations, or a combination of any of them.
21. A method for bacterial donor cell genome installation in yeast host cells comprising:
(a) obtaining a population of bacterial donor cells comprising said bacterial donor genome, wherein said donor genome is an essentially intact nucleic acid that is at least a minimal genome, and is greater than about 150 kb in length, and wherein the donor bacterial genome comprises a selection marker, a yeast centromere, and a yeast autonomously replicating sequence; and
(b) contacting said population of bacterial donor cells with said population of yeast host cells in the presence of from about 15% to about 17% of a crowding agent, thereby generating a population of host cells comprising the donor genome;
wherein step (b) does not include encapsulation of the donor genome in an agarose plug prior to contacting said bacterial donor cells with said population of yeast host cells.