Cardiac support systems and methods for chronic use
A high efficiency cardiac support system is suitable for chronic use in treating heart failure, wherein the system includes an implantable rotary blood pump, an implantable power module, a wireless power transfer subsystem, a patient monitor, and a programmer. In a cardiac support system, the cumulative efficiencies of the components of the system are capable of providing therapeutically effective blood flow for a typical day of awake hours using the energy from a single wireless recharge of an implanted rechargeable energy source. Moreover, the implantable rechargeable energy source may be recharged during a normal sleep period of 8 hours or less. The system may provide full or partial cardiac support without the need for external wearable batteries, controllers, or cables.
1. A cardiac support system comprising:
a rotary blood pump implantable in a human body and configured to generate an amount of blood flow;
an implantable housing containing (i) a power module coupled to the rotary blood pump and configured to store electrical energy utilized to operate the rotary blood pump and (ii) a receiving coil assembly coupled to the power module; and
a transmitting coil assembly configured to be magnetic resonance coupled to the receiving coil assembly and configured to electromagnetically transfer the electrical energy from the transmitting coil assembly to the receiving coil assembly.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiving coil assembly comprises a receiving resonant coil having a quality factor above 300.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the transmitting coil assembly comprises a transmitting resonant coil having a quality factor above 600.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 1.0 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 2.5 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 4.0 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiving coil assembly is 100 cc or less in volume.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the power module is 150 cc or less in volume.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the power module is configured to store the electrical energy in a rechargeable battery or a capacitor.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the implantable housing further contains a controller configured to control a speed of the rotary blood pump.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a cardiac activity sensor or a physiological demand sensor, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the rotary blood pump in accordance with a detected cardiac activity or a detected physiological demand.
12. The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a patient monitor wirelessly coupled to the controller, wherein the patient monitor is configured to provide status information on the rotary blood pump; and
a programmer wirelessly coupled to the controller, wherein the programmer is configured to change operating parameters of the rotary blood pump.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rotary blood pump is configured to produce a pulsatile blood flow.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the implantable housing is hermetically sealed.
15. A cardiac support system comprising:
a rotary blood pump implantable in a human body and configured to generate an amount of blood flow; and
an implantable housing containing (i) a power module coupled to the rotary blood pump and (ii) a receiving coil assembly configured to receive energy wirelessly and transfer the energy to the power module, wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an energy conversion ratio (ECR) of 1.0 or greater using the energy in the power module.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 2.5 or greater using the energy in the power module.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 4.0 or greater using the energy in the power module.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the receiving coil assembly is configured to be inductively coupled to a transmitting coil assembly, wherein the transmitting coil assembly is configured to transfer the energy wirelessly to the receiving coil assembly by induction.
19. The system of claim 15 , wherein the receiving coil assembly comprises a receiving resonant coil that is configured to be magnetic resonance coupled to a transmitting coil assembly, wherein the transmitting coil assembly is configured to transfer the energy wirelessly to the receiving coil assembly by magnetic resonance coupling.
20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the receiving coil assembly comprises a receiving resonant coil having a quality factor above 300.
21. The system of claim 19 , wherein the transmitting coil assembly comprises a transmitting resonant coil having a quality factor above 600.
22. The system of claim 15 , wherein the implantable housing is hermetically sealed.
23. A cardiac support system comprising:
a rotary blood pump implantable in a human body and configured to generate an amount of blood flow;
a power module coupled to the rotary blood pump and configured to store electrical energy utilized to operate the rotary blood pump, wherein the power module is implantable into the human body;
a receiving coil assembly coupled to the power module, being implantable into the human body, and comprising a receiving resonant coil having a quality factor above 300; and
a transmitting coil assembly configured to be magnetic resonance coupled to the receiving coil assembly and configured to electromagnetically transfer the electrical energy from the transmitting coil assembly to the receiving coil assembly.
24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 1.0 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
25. The system of claim 23 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 2.5 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
26. The system of claim 23 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 4.0 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
27. The system of claim 23 , wherein the receiving coil assembly is 100 cc or less in volume.
28. The system of claim 23 , wherein the power module is 150 cc or less in volume.
29. The system of claim 23 , wherein the power module is configured to store the electrical energy in a rechargeable battery or a capacitor.
30. The system of claim 23 , further comprising a controller that is implantable into said human body and configured to control a speed of the rotary blood pump.
31. The system of claim 30 , further comprising a cardiac activity sensor or a physiological demand sensor, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the rotary blood pump in accordance with a detected cardiac activity or a detected physiological demand.
32. The system of claim 30 , further comprising:
a patient monitor wirelessly coupled to the controller, wherein the patient monitor is configured to provide status information on the rotary blood pump; and
a programmer wirelessly coupled to the controller, wherein the programmer is configured to change operating parameters of the rotary blood pump.
33. The system of claim 23 , wherein the rotary blood pump is configured to produce a pulsatile blood flow.
34. A cardiac support system comprising:
a rotary blood pump implantable in a human body and configured to generate an amount of blood flow;
a power module coupled to the rotary blood pump and configured to store electrical energy utilized to operate the rotary blood pump, wherein the power module is implantable into the human body;
a receiving coil assembly coupled to the power module and being implantable into the human body; and
a transmitting coil assembly configured to be magnetic resonance coupled to the receiving coil assembly and configured to electromagnetically transfer the electrical energy from the transmitting coil assembly to the receiving coil assembly, wherein the transmitting coil assembly comprises a transmitting resonant coil having a quality factor above 600.
35. The system of claim 34 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 1.0 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
36. The system of claim 34 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 2.5 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
37. The system of claim 34 , wherein the amount of blood flow is generated with an ECR of 4.0 or greater using the electrical energy stored by the power module.
38. The system of claim 34 , wherein the receiving coil assembly is 100 cc or less in volume.
39. The system of claim 34 , wherein the power module is 150 cc or less in volume.
40. The system of claim 34 , wherein the power module is configured to store the electrical energy in a rechargeable battery or a capacitor.
41. The system of claim 34 , further comprising a controller that is implantable into said human body and configured to control a speed of the rotary blood pump.
42. The system of claim 41 , further comprising a cardiac activity sensor or a physiological demand sensor, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the speed of the rotary blood pump in accordance with a detected cardiac activity or a detected physiological demand.
43. The system of claim 41 , further comprising:
a patient monitor wirelessly coupled to the controller, wherein the patient monitor is configured to provide status information on the rotary blood pump; and
a programmer wirelessly coupled to the controller, wherein the programmer is configured to change operating parameters of the rotary blood pump.
44. The system of claim 34 , wherein the rotary blood pump is configured to produce a pulsatile blood flow.