Semiconductor memory device and method of operating the same

1. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:

a memory string including a pipe cell, a plurality of memory cells arranged in series between a bit line and the pipe cell and between a source line and the pipe cell in a vertical direction to the pipe cell, and a channel layer with a three-dimensional U-shaped structure connecting the plurality of memory cells and the pipe cell; and

a peripheral circuit configured to perform an erase operation on the plurality of memory cells and the pipe cell,

wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to decrease, when hot holes are supplied to the channel layer, a threshold voltage of the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons when a gate electrode of the pipe cell is floated.

2. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to

count a number of times the erase operation has been performed on the plurality of memory cells, and

apply, when the counted number exceeds a reference value, a ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

3. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to apply a ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

4. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to apply, when a pre-determined time lapses, a ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

5. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral circuit includes a counter for counting a number of times the erase operation has been performed on the plurality of memory cells.

6. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral circuit is further configured to perform the erase operation on the pipe cell by supplying hot holes to the channel layer.

7. The semiconductor memory device of claim 1 , wherein the peripheral circuit is configured to discharge word lines before discharging the gate electrode of the pipe cell.

8. A method of operating a semiconductor memory device including a pipe cell, a plurality of memory cells arranged in series between a bit line and the pipe cell and between a source line and the pipe cell in a vertical direction to the pipe cell respectively, and a channel layer with a three-dimensional U-shaped structure connecting the plurality of memory cells and the pipe cell, the method comprising:

applying a pre-charge voltage to the source line to supply hot holes to the channel layer;

applying an erase voltage to the source line to increase voltages of word lines of the plurality of memory cells;

applying a ground voltage to the word lines of the plurality of memory cells to discharge trapped electrons to the channel layer; and

decreasing, when the hot holes are supplied to the channel layer, a threshold voltage of the pipe cell.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the decreasing the threshold voltage of the pipe cell comprises:

counting a number of times an erase operation has been performed on the plurality of memory cells; and

applying, when the counted number exceeds a reference value, the ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the decreasing the threshold voltage of the pipe cell comprises:

applying the ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the decreasing the threshold voltage of the pipe cell comprises:

applying, when a pre-determined time lapses, the ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the decreasing the threshold voltage of the pipe cell comprising:

applying, when the ground voltage is applied to the word lines, the ground voltage to the pipe cell to discharge trapped electrons of the pipe cell to the channel layer.

13. A semiconductor memory device, comprising:

a substrate;

a memory string including

a pipe cell formed on the substrate,

a plurality of memory cells including

a first group of memory cells arranged in series between a bit line and the pipe cell in a vertical direction to the substrate, and

a second group of memory cells arranged in series between a source line and the pipe cell in the vertical direction to the substrate, and

a channel layer extending along the memory string from the memory cells in the first group to the pipe cell then to the memory cells in the second group; and

a peripheral circuit configured to perform an erase operation on the pipe cell,

wherein, in the erase operation, the peripheral circuit is further configured to

apply a pre-charge voltage to the source line to supply hot holes to the channel layer,

apply an erase voltage to the source line to increase voltages of word lines of the plurality of memory cells,

apply a ground voltage to the word lines of the plurality of memory cells to discharge trapped electrons to the channel layer, and

decrease, when the hot holes are supplied to the channel layer, a threshold voltage of the pipe cell.

14. The semiconductor memory device of claim 13 , wherein the peripheral circuit is configured to perform the erase operation on the pipe cell when the erase operation is performed on the memory cells.

15. The semiconductor memory device of claim 13 , wherein the peripheral circuit is configured to perform the erase operation on the pipe cell when the erase operation has been performed on the memory cells a predetermined number of times.