Apparatus and methods for inhibiting a screen-out condition in a subterranean well fracturing operation
View Patent ↗A subterranean well fracturing system comprises a downhole well string having installed therein initially closed upstream and downstream sliding sleeve valve assemblies each openable to provide fracing fluid discharge outlets through well string side ports to an associated subterranean fracing zone. To inhibit an undesirable screen-out condition during formation fracturing, specially designed apparatus and methods are operative to sequentially (1) block the downstream valve seat, (2) open the blocked downstream valve seat using pressurized fracing fluid, (3) partially block the upstream valve seat, (4) open the partially blocked upstream valve seat using pressurized fracing fluid, a portion of which is flowed through the partially blocked upstream valve seat, and then (5) unblock the partially blocked upstream valve seat to permit a full flow of pressurized fracing fluid therethrough. In this manner, pressurized fracing fluid is simultaneously delivered to two fracing zones to inhibit a screen-out condition in the well string.
1. Apparatus for inhibiting the creation of a screen-out condition in a subterranean well fracturing operation utilizing a downhole tubular well string having, on a sliding sleeve valve assembly installed therein, an upper and a lower movable seat longitudinally shiftable between open and closed orientations within the well string, the upper and lower movable seats having an opening through which pressurized fracing fluid may be flowed, said apparatus comprising:
a first valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto the lower movable seat in its closed orientation and being constructed and configured to thereafter sequentially:
(1) block the lower movable seat opening in a manner preventing a flow of fracing fluid therethrough,
(2) cause the pressurized fracing fluid to slide the lower movable seat to its open orientation; and
a second valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto the upper movable seat in its closed orientation, wherein the second valve actuating member has at least one through-hole formed therein between two spaced apart external surface portions thereof, the second valve actuating member being constructed and configured to thereafter sequentially:
(1) partially block the upper movable seat opening in a manner permitting a limited flow of pressurized fracing fluid therethrough, such that the limited flow passes through the at least one through-hole, such that a first pressure at the upper movable seat is higher than a second pressure at the lower movable seat,
(2) cause the pressurized fracing fluid to slide the upper movable seat to its open orientation, and then
(3) shear material from an outer surface of the second valve actuating member or extrude the second valve actuating member to change a cross-sectional width of the second valve actuating member as the second valve actuating member passes through the upper movable seat opening to unblock the upper movable seat opening.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
said first valve actuating member is a ball.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
said at least one through-hole is a plurality of through-holes.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
said second valve actuating member is formed from a dissolvable material.
5. An apparatus for inhibiting the creation of a screen-out condition in a subterranean well fracturing operation utilizing a downhole tubular well string comprising:
a first sliding sleeve valve assembly comprising a longitudinally lower movable seat displaceable between open and closed orientations within the well string, the lower movable seat having only a single opening through which pressurized fracing fluid may be flowed; and
a first imperforate ball valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto the lower movable seat in its closed orientation, the first imperforate ball valve actuating member being constructed and configured to thereafter sequentially:
(1) block the lower movable seat opening,
(2) cause the pressurized fracing fluid to slide the lower movable seat to its open orientation; and
a second perforate ball valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto an upper movable seat in its closed orientation, wherein the second perforate ball valve actuating member has at least one through-hole formed therein between two spaced apart external surface portions thereof, the second perforate ball valve actuating member being constructed and configured to thereafter sequentially:
(1) partially block the upper movable seat opening in a manner permitting a limited flow of pressurized fracing fluid through the second perforate ball valve actuating member, such that the limited flow passes through the at least one through-hole,
(2) cause the pressurized fracing fluid to slide the upper movable seat to its open orientation, and then
(3) shear or extrude while passing through the upper movable seat opening to unblock the movable seat in a manner that removes material from opposing exterior sides and reduces a diameter of the second perforate ball valve actuating member.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein:
said at least one through-hole is a plurality of through-holes.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein:
said second perforate ball valve actuating member is formed from a dissolvable material.
8. Apparatus for inhibiting the creation of a screen-out condition in a subterranean well fracturing operation utilizing a downhole tubular well string having, on upper and lower sliding valve assemblies installed therein, a plurality of movable seats comprising a lower movable seat and an upper movable seat, the movable seats longitudinally shiftable between open and closed orientations within the well string, each movable seat having an opening through which pressurized fracing fluid may be flowed, said apparatus comprising:
a first imperforate valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto the lower movable seat in its closed orientation and being constructed and configured to thereafter sequentially:
(1) block the lower movable seat opening in a manner preventing a flow of fracing fluid therethrough,
(2) cause the pressurized fracing fluid to slide the lower movable seat to its open orientation;
a second perforate valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto the upper movable seat in its closed orientation wherein the second perforate valve actuating member has at least one through-hole formed therein between two spaced apart external surface portions thereof, the second perforate valve actuating member being constructed and configured to thereafter sequentially:
(1) partially block the upper movable seat opening in a manner permitting a limited flow of pressurized fracing fluid therethrough, such that the limited flow passes through the at least one through-hole,
(2) cause the pressurized fracing fluid to slide the upper movable seat to its open orientation, and then
(3) shear to remove material from an outer surface of the second perforate valve actuating member while passing through the upper movable seat opening to unblock the upper movable seat;
(4) contact the first imperforate valve actuating member and add weight to keep the lower movable seat in its open orientation; and
a third imperforate valve actuating member being droppable through the tubular well string onto the upper movable seat in its open orientation and being constructed and configured to thereafter:
(1) block the upper seat opening in a manner preventing a flow of fracing fluid therethrough.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein:
said first imperforate, said second perforate, and said third imperforate valve actuating members are balls.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein:
said at least one through-hole is a plurality of through-holes.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein:
said second perforate valve actuating member is formed from a dissolvable material.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein:
said first imperforate valve actuating member is smaller than said third imperforate valve actuating member.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein:
said first imperforate valve actuating member is smaller than said second perforate valve actuating member.
14. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the upper sliding valve assembly and the lower sliding valve assembly have only a single opening therethrough.
15. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the second perforate valve actuating member is a ball configured to shear off opposing sides of the ball when passing through the movable seat under high-pressure in a manner that changes a cross-sectional width of the ball.