Angle-dependent X-ray diffraction imaging system and method of operating the same

1. An x-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) system having a system axis, said system comprising:

at least one x-ray source configured to generate x-rays directed toward an object that includes at least one substance, wherein said at least one x-ray source is further configured to irradiate at least one voxel defined within the object with x-rays arriving from a plurality of directions, each direction defined by an angle of incidence with respect to the system axis;

at least one detector configured to detect scattered x-rays after the x-rays have passed through the object; and

at least one processor coupled to said at least one detector, said at least one processor programmed to generate a plurality of XDI profiles of the object voxel, wherein each XDI profile is a function of an associated angle of incidence.

2. The XDI system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said XDI system is a five-dimensional system, the five dimensions defined as three orthogonal spatial dimensions, a momentum dimension, and an angle of incidence dimension.

3. The XDI system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising at least one memory device coupled to said at least one processor, wherein:

said at least one processor is configured to sort the plurality of XDI profiles as a function of the angle of incidence; and

said at least one memory device is configured to store the plurality of XDI profiles as a function of the angle of incidence.

4. The XDI system in accordance with claim 3 , wherein said at least one processor is further configured to use the plurality of XDI profiles sorted as a function of the angles of incidence to facilitate discrimination of the irradiated object as one of a potential threat and a potential non-threat.

5. The XDI system in accordance with claim 3 , wherein said at least one processor is further configured to compare the plurality of XDI profiles of the at least one voxel as a function of the angles of incidence to determine a numerical measurement of similarity between the plurality of XDI profiles.

6. The XDI system in accordance with claim 5 , wherein said at least one processor is further configured to discriminate between at least one irradiated substance with a high similarity value from at least one irradiated substance with a low similarity value.

7. The XDI system in accordance with claim 5 , wherein said at least one processor is further configured to discriminate between anisotropic substances and isotropic substances.

8. The XDI system in accordance with claim 1 further comprising an examination area configured to receive the object, wherein:

said at least one x-ray source comprises a multi-focus x-ray source (MFXS); and

said at least one detector comprises a plurality of coherent x-ray scatter detectors positioned with respect to the examination area, said plurality of coherent x-ray scatter detectors configured to detect coherent scatter rays from a plurality of primary beams as the plurality of primary beams propagate through the object positioned within the examination area.

9. The XDI system in accordance with claim 8 , wherein said MFXS comprises an anode and a plurality of focus points arranged along a length of said anode colinear with an axis of said MFXS orthogonal to the system axis, each focus point of the plurality of focus points configured to be sequentially activated to emit an x-ray fan beam including a plurality of primary beams.

10. The XDI system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said XDI system is a multiple inverse fan beam (MIFB) XDI system.

11. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon, wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to:

generate a plurality of XDI profiles of an object voxel, wherein the object voxel is irradiated with x-rays directed toward an object that includes at least one substance, the x-rays having a plurality of angles of incidence, each XDI profile a function of an associated angle of incidence, each angle of incidence defined with respect to a system axis;

compare the plurality of XDI profiles; and

discriminate the irradiated object as one of a potential threat and a potential non-threat as a function of comparison of the plurality of XDI profiles.

12. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon in accordance with claim 11 , wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to store XDI profile data within a five-dimensional system, the five dimensions defined as three orthogonal spatial dimensions, a momentum dimension, and an angle of incidence dimension.

13. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon in accordance with claim 11 , wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to compare the plurality of XDI profiles of the at least one voxel as a function of the angles of incidence to determine a numerical measurement of similarity between the plurality of XDI profiles.

14. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon in accordance with claim 13 , wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to discriminate between at least one irradiated substance with a high similarity value from at least one irradiated substance with a low similarity value.

15. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon in accordance with claim 14 , wherein when executed by at least one processor, the computer-executable instructions cause the processor to discriminate between at least one isotropic substance having a high similarity value and at least one anisotropic substance having a low similarity value.

16. A method of performing a security screen of an object that includes at least one substance, said method comprising:

generating a plurality of XDI profiles of an object voxel, wherein the object voxel is irradiated with x-rays directed toward the object, the x-rays having a plurality of angles of incidence, each XDI profile a function of an associated angle of incidence, each angle of incidence defined with respect to a system axis;

comparing the plurality of XDI profiles; and

discriminating the irradiated object as one of a potential threat and a potential non-threat as a function of comparison of the plurality of XDI profiles.

17. The method in accordance with claim 16 further comprising storing the XDI profile data within a five-dimensional system, the five dimensions defined as three orthogonal spatial dimensions, a momentum dimension, and an angle of incidence dimension.

18. The method in accordance with claim 16 further comprising comparing the plurality of XDI profiles of the at least one voxel as a function of the angles of incidence to determine a numerical measurement of similarity between the plurality of XDI profiles.

19. The method in accordance with claim 16 further comprising discriminating between at least one irradiated substance with a high similarity value from at least one irradiated substance with a low similarity value.

20. The method in accordance with claim 19 further comprising discriminating between at least one isotropic substance having a high similarity value and at least one anisotropic substance having a low similarity value.