Liquid crystal element and liquid crystal composition

1. A liquid crystal element which comprises: a pair of substrates with electrodes, in which the substrates are arranged so as to face each other and at least one of the substrates is a transparent substrate; and a liquid crystal light adjusting layer which is disposed between the substrates and contains a composite containing a chiral nematic liquid crystal phase and a polymer resin phase, wherein the polymer resin phase contains a polymer compound having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1), and dielectric constant anisotropy of the chiral nematic liquid crystal phase is positive, wherein distance (d) between the substrates with electrodes is 100 μm or less and 2 μm or more and the relationship (d)/(p) between the chiral pitch length (p) of the chiral nematic liquid crystal and the distance (d) is 1 or more:

wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and two R 1 groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) may be the same or different,

n represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where n is 2 or more, two or more X 1 groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) may be the same or different,

X 1 represents a group represented by the following general formula (2):

wherein X 2 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 3 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano group,

n′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where n′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 2 —X 3 — groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) may be the same or different.

2. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein a compound represented by the following general formula (3) and at least one of methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate are detected by derivatization pyrolytic gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the polymer resin phase in the presence of an organic alkali derivatizing agent:

wherein q represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where q is 2 or more, two or more X 4 groups present in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (3) may be the same or different,

X 4 represents a group represented by the following general formula (4):

wherein X 5 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 6 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a methoxy group, a methylthio group, or a cyano group,

q′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where q′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 5 —X 6 — groups present in one molecule of the compound represented by the general formula (3) may be the same or different.

3. The liquid crystal element according to claim 2 , wherein the compound represented by the above general formula (3) is detected in an amount of 0.10 mg or more and 0.85 mg or less by derivatization pyrolytic gas chromatography of 1.00 mg of the polymer resin phase in the presence of an organic alkali derivatizing agent.

4. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein the repeating unit represented by the above general formula (1) is represented by the following general formula (5):

wherein R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

t represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where t is 2 or more, two or more X 7 groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) may be the same or different,

X 7 represents a group represented by the following general formula (6):

wherein X 8 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 9 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1to 7 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano group,

t′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where t′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 8 —X 9 — groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) may be the same or different.

5. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein the chiral nematic liquid crystal phase has a polymerizable monomer represented by the following general formula (9):

wherein R 20 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and two R 20 groups present in one polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (9) may be the same or different,

m represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where m is 2 or more, two or more X 20 groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (9) may be the same or different,

X 20 represents a group represented by the following general formula (10):

wherein X 21 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 22 A represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 21 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano group,

m′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where m′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 21 —X 22 — groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (9) may be the same or different.

6. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal light adjusting layer is a polymer stabilized liquid crystal.

7. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein, the liquid crystal element has a region where visible light transmittance at the time when at least one of direct-current voltage or alternative-current voltage is applied, decreases as compared with the visible light transmittance at the time when the voltage is not applied.

8. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein haze at the time when at least one of direct-current voltage or alternative-current voltage is applied is 70% or more and haze at the time when voltage is not applied is 15% or less.

9. The liquid crystal element according to claim 1 , wherein, in the temperature range of −10° C. or higher, when the visible light transmittance of the liquid crystal element at the time when at least one of direct-current voltage and alternative-current voltage is not applied, is normalized to be 100% and the visible light transmittance that is decreased and becomes minimum by the application of at least one of direct-current voltage and alternative-current voltage, is normalized to be 0%, a time required for decreasing the visible light transmittance to 10% from the time when at least one of direct-current voltage or alternative-current voltage is applied and a time required for increasing the visible light transmittance to 90% from the time when the application of at least one of direct-current voltage or alternative-current voltage is stopped, are each 8 msec or less.

10. A screen comprising the liquid crystal element according to claim 1 .

11. A display comprising the liquid crystal element according to claim 1 .

12. A liquid crystal composition comprising a chiral nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric constant anisotropy, a polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (13), and a radical polymerization initiator:

wherein w represents an integer of 1to 3 and, in the case where w is 2 or more, two or more X 30 groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (13) may be the same or different,

R 30 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and two R 30 groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (13) may be the same or different,

X 30 represents a group represented by the following general formula (14):

wherein X 31 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 32 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 31 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano group,

w′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where w′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 31 —X 32 — groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (13) may be the same or different,

wherein a chiral pitch length p of the chiral nematic liquid crystal is 0.3 μm or more and 2 μm or less.

13. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 12 , wherein the polymerizable monomer represented by the above general formula (13) is represented by the following general formula (15):

wherein R 32 and R 33 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

y represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where y is 2 or more, two or more X 33 groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (15) may be the same or different,

X 33 represents a group represented by the following general formula (16):

wherein X 34 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 35 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 34 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano group,

y′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where y′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 34 —X 35 — groups present in one molecule of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (15) may be the same or different.

14. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 12 , wherein the radical polymerization initiator is an acylphosphine oxide-based initiator.

15. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 12 , wherein, when the content ratio of the polymerizable monomer represented by the general formula (13) to the liquid crystal composition is regarded as A % by mass and the content ratio of the radical polymerization initiator thereto is regarded as B % by mass, B/A is 0.01 or more and 0.4 or less.

16. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 12 , wherein a liquid crystal-isotropic phase transition temperature is 40° C. or higher.

17. A liquid crystal element which comprises: a pair of substrates with electrodes, in which the substrates are arranged so as to face each other and at least one of the substrates is a transparent substrate; and a liquid crystal light adjusting layer which is disposed between the substrates and contains a composite containing a chiral nematic liquid crystal phase and a polymer resin phase, wherein the polymer resin phase contains a polymer compound having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (5), and dielectric constant anisotropy of the chiral nematic liquid crystal phase is positive:

wherein R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group,

t represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where t is 2 or more, two or more X 7 groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) may be the same or different,

X 7 represents a group represented by the following general formula (6):

wherein X 8 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

X 9 represents a direct bond or one linking group selected from the following group:

R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a cyano group;

t′ represents an integer of 1 to 3 and, in the case where t′ is 2 or more, two or more —X 8 —X 9 — groups present in one repeating unit represented by the general formula (5) may be the same or different.