Organic EL element, organic EL panel having organic EL element, organic EL light-emitting apparatus, and organic EL display apparatus

1. An organic EL element, comprising:

an anode;

a cathode;

an organic functional layer between the anode and the cathode, the organic functional layer including an organic material;

a metal oxide layer between the anode and the organic functional layer, the metal oxide layer including a nickel oxide including both nickel atoms with a valence of three and nickel atoms with a valence of two, wherein

in the metal oxide layer, a ratio of the number of nickel atoms with a valence of three to the number of nickel atoms with a valence of two, expressed in percentage, is equal to or greater than 79.1%.

2. The organic EL element of claim 1 , wherein

the organic material in the organic functional layer is an amine-based compound.

3. The organic EL element of claim 1 , wherein

the organic functional layer is one of a light-emitting layer, a hole transporting layer, and a buffer layer, the light-emitting layer emitting light as a result of recombination of holes and electrons, the holes being injected from the anode via the metal oxide layer, and the electrons being injected from the cathode, the hole transport layer transporting the holes injected from the metal oxide layer to the light-emitting layer, and the buffer layer preventing the electrons injected from the cathode from entering the anode.

4. An organic EL panel including the organic EL element of claim 1 in a plurality.

5. An organic EL light-emitting apparatus including the organic EL element claim 1 .

6. An organic EL display apparatus including the organic EL element of claim 1 in a plurality.