A sensor for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample, the sensor including: a sensing region; and a barrier layer including a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-quenching, analyte-permeable membrane having an ROS-quenching agent adsorbed to the membrane; wherein the sensor is adapted so that the sample enters the sensing region of the sensor through the barrier layer.
1. A process for producing a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-quenching analyte-permeable membrane suitable for use in an optical sensor for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample comprising:
a. contacting a polypropylene hollow fibre membrane with a ROS-quenching precursor and a reducing agent;
b. reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane to form a ROS-quenching agent within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane; and
optionally repeating steps (a) and (b).
2. The process according to claim 1 further comprising, before step (a):
(i) contacting the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane with a ROS-quenching precursor and a preliminary reducing agent;
(ii) partially reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane to form a ROS-quenching agent within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane; and
optionally repeating steps (i), (ii), (a) and (b).
3. The process according to claim 2 wherein the preliminary reducing agent is ascorbic acid.
4. The process according to claim 2 wherein the reducing agent is hydrazine.
5. The process according to claim 1 wherein the (ROS)-quenching analyte-permeable membrane is suitable for use in an optical sensor for detecting or quantifying an amount of glucose in a sample.
6. The process according to claim 1 wherein the ROS-quenching precursor is a salt of a Group 10 or 11 metal-containing ion and the ROS-quenching agent is a Group 10 or 11 metal.
7. The process according to claim 6 wherein the Group 10 or 11 metal is platinum.
8. The process according to claim 7 wherein the ROS-quenching precursor is a tetrachloroplatinate salt.
9. The process according to claim 7 wherein the platinum is in the form of nanoparticles.
10. The process according to claim 1 wherein the reducing agent is formic acid.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ROS-quenching agent is distributed along the length of each pore of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ROS-quenching agent is located tightly within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane as a result of the process of reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane so that the quenching agent does not leach out from the pores during use of the membrane.
13. A process for producing a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-quenching analyte-permeable membrane on a sensor for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample comprising:
(a) contacting a polypropylene hollow fibre membrane with a ROS-quenching precursor and a reducing agent;
(b) reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane to form a ROS-quenching agent within the pores of the membrane; and
optionally repeating steps (a) and (b), and
further comprising providing a sensor comprising a sensing region, wherein the sensor is suitable for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample; forming the ROS-quenching analyte-permeable membrane into a barrier layer on at least a part of the sensing region and wherein the sensor is adapted so that analyte enters the sensing region of the sensor through said barrier layer.
14. The process according to claim 13 wherein said sensor comprises:
a sensing region; and
a barrier layer comprising a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-quenching, analyte-permeable membrane having an ROS-quenching agent adsorbed thereto and wherein the membrane has a ROS-quenching activity sufficient to quench a solution of H 2 O 2 having a concentration of 10 ppm.
15. A reactive oxygen species (ROS)-quenching, analyte-permeable membrane, suitable for use in an optical sensor for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample, the membrane having an ROS-quenching activity sufficient to quench a solution of H 2 O 2 having a concentration of 10 ppm, wherein said membrane is obtainable by a process comprising:
(a) contacting a polypropylene hollow fibre membrane with a ROS-quenching precursor and a reducing agent;
(b) reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane to form a ROS-quenching agent within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane; and optionally repeating steps (a) and (b).
16. The membrane according to claim 15 , wherein the ROS-quenching agent is distributed along the length of each pore of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane.
17. The membrane according to claim 15 , wherein the ROS-quenching agent is located tightly within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane as a result of the process of reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane so that the quenching agent does not leach out from the pores during use of the membrane.
18. A sensor for detecting and/or quantifying the amount of analyte in a sample, the sensor comprising:
a sensing region; and
a barrier layer comprising a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-quenching, analyte-permeable membrane having an ROS-quenching agent adsorbed thereto;
wherein the sensor is adapted so that the sample enters the sensing region of the sensor through said barrier layer,
wherein the ROS-quenching, analyte-permeable membrane is obtainable by a process comprising:
(a) contacting a polypropylene hollow fibre membrane with a ROS-quenching precursor and a reducing agent;
(b) reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane to form a ROS-quenching agent within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane; and
optionally repeating steps (a) and (b).
19. The sensor according to claim 18 , wherein the ROS-quenching agent is distributed along the length of each pore of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane.
20. The sensor according to claim 18 , wherein the ROS-quenching agent is located tightly within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane as a result of the process of reducing the ROS-quenching precursor within the pores of the polypropylene hollow fibre membrane so that the quenching agent does not leach out from the pores during use of the sensor.