Apparatus and Methods for Device to Device Communications
A terminal device for communicating in a cellular system is described. The terminal device comprises: at least one first transceiver arranged to communicate with a plurality of communication units; and at least one first signal processor, operably coupled to the at least one first transceiver and arranged to: communicate with a first communication unit in the cellular system in a first mode of operation when the terminal device is located within a coverage range of the at least one base station; and facilitate in a second mode of operation direct communications between at least one other terminal device and the first communication unit when the at least one other terminal device is located outside of the coverage range of the at least one base station.
1 . A terminal device for communicating in a cellular system, wherein the terminal device comprises:
at least one first transceiver arranged to communicate with a plurality of communication units; and
at least one first signal processor, operably coupled to the at least one first transceiver and arranged to:
communicate with a first communication unit in the cellular system in a first mode of operation when the terminal device is located within a coverage range of at least one base station; and
facilitate in a second mode of operation direct communications between at least one other terminal device and the first communication unit when the at least one other terminal device is located outside of the coverage range of the at least one base station.
2 . The terminal device of claim 1 wherein the first communication unit is the at least one base station.
3 . The terminal device of claim 2 wherein the signal processor of the terminal device is arranged to at least partly function as an access network in the second mode of operation to facilitate direct communications between the at least one other terminal device and the first communication unit.
4 . The terminal device of claim 1 wherein the first communication unit is at least one further terminal device that is located within a coverage range of the at least one base station.
5 . The terminal device of claim 4 wherein the terminal device and the at least one other terminal device are located outside a coverage range of the at least one base station.
6 . The terminal device of claim 1 wherein the terminal device comprises at least one from a group of:
a user equipment comprising a translation module arranged to facilitate direct communications in a second mode of operation;
a user equipment operably coupled to a translation module arranged to facilitate direct communications in a second mode of operation.
7 . The terminal device of claim 6 wherein the at least one first transceiver and the at least one first signal processor are arranged to communicate with the first communication unit in the cellular system in a first mode of operation and the translation module comprises a second transceiver operably coupled to the at least one first transceiver and at least one second signal processor operably coupled to the at least one first signal processor and arranged to support communication in the second mode of operation.
8 . The terminal device of claim 7 further comprising an antenna and at least one switch arranged to operably couple the antenna to the second signal processing logic of the translation module in a receive mode when the terminal device transitions to the second mode of operation.
9 . The terminal device of claim 8 wherein the antenna and the at least one switch are arranged to operably couple the antenna to the first transceiver of the terminal device in a transmit mode when the terminal device transitions to the second mode of operation.
10 . The terminal device of claim 7 wherein, in a receive mode, a portion of the receive and process operation of signals from the at least one other terminal device is performed in both the user equipment and the translation module in the second mode of operation.
11 . The terminal device of claim 1 wherein the terminal device is arranged to continue in the second mode of operation with direct communications with the at least one other terminal device located outside of the coverage range of the at least one base station until a communication session is finished with the at least one other terminal device.
12 . The terminal device of claim 11 wherein the second signal processor determines whether the communication session with the at least one other terminal device is finished and in response to the communication session being finished, the terminal device switches to the first mode of operation and attempts access to the at least one base station.
13 . The terminal device of claim 6 wherein the translation module is configured to support a subset of evolved packet core (EPC) network functionality including at least one from a group of: Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network gateway (PDN-GW) functionality.
14 . The terminal device of claim 13 wherein the translation module is configured to facilitate at least one from a group of: registration, authentication, management of idle-connected states, routing of use plane data to the at least one other terminal device.
15 . The terminal device of claim 13 wherein the translation module is configured to terminate a non-access stratum (NAS) protocol message.
16 . The terminal device of claim 13 wherein the translation module is configured to use security functionality in communications with the at least one other terminal device.
17 . The terminal device of claim 13 wherein the translation module is configured to track at least one from a group of:
a location of the at least one other terminal device in an evolved packet system (EPS) Connection Management ECM-CONNECTED state;
a presence of the at least one other terminal device in an evolved packet system (EPS) Connection Management ECM-IDLE state;
a presence of the at least one other terminal device that is linked with an invocation of a presence notification procedure at the translation module from the at least one other terminal device.
18 . The terminal device of claim 17 wherein a location of the at least one other terminal device is linked with a quality of a signal received at the translation module from the at least one other terminal device.
19 . The terminal device of claim 18 wherein the location of the at least one other terminal device and the quality of a signal received at the translation module from the at least one other terminal device are used by a signal processor in the translation module to perform at least one from a group of: a scheduling operation, adaptive modulation and coding.
20 . The terminal device of claim 17 wherein the at least one first signal processor is arranged to perform a communication handover with the first communication unit to a second terminal device.
21 . The terminal device of claim 20 wherein the at least one first signal processor is arranged to perform a communication handover with the first communication unit and at least one further communication unit to the second terminal device
22 . The terminal device of claim 17 wherein the communication handover comprises context information related to the first communication unit.
23 . The terminal device of claim 17 wherein the at least one first signal processor is arranged to perform a communication handover from the first communication unit to the at least one base station when the first communication unit moves within coverage range of the at least one base station.
24 . The terminal device of claim 23 wherein the at least one first signal processor is arranged to perform a communication handover from the first communication unit and at least one further communication unit to the at least one base station when the first communication unit and at least one further communication unit move within coverage range of the at least one base station.
25 . The terminal device of claim 6 wherein the translation module is configured to support a subset of call session control functions (CSCF) to utilise internet protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) protocols to perform multimedia call control with the at least one other terminal device.
26 . The terminal device of claim 25 wherein the translation module is preconfigured with IMS context information for the at least one other terminal device.
27 . An integrated circuit for a terminal device for communicating in a cellular system, wherein the integrated circuit comprises:
transceiver logic arranged to communicate with a plurality of communication units; and
signal processing logic, operably coupled to the transceiver logic and arranged to:
communicate with a first communication unit in the cellular system in a first mode of operation when the terminal device is located within a coverage range of the at least one base station; and
facilitate in a second mode of operation direct communications between at least one other terminal device and the first communication unit when the at least one other terminal device is located outside of the coverage range of the at least one base station.
28 . A method for communicating in a cellular system, wherein the method comprises, at a terminal device:
monitoring network coverage of the terminal device;
determining whether the terminal device is currently located within a coverage range of at least one first base station and communicating with a first communication unit in the cellular system in a first mode of operation when the terminal device is located within a coverage range of the at least one base station;
determining whether at least one other terminal device is currently located outside a coverage range of the at least one base station and in response thereto facilitating in a second mode of operation direct communications between the at least one other terminal device and the first communication unit.
29 . A non-transitory computer program product comprising executable program code for communicating in a cellular system, the executable program code operable for, when executed at the terminal device, performing the method of claim 28 .