Bi-material strip and a method of bonding strips of different materials together
A continuous hot bonding method for producing a bi-material strip with a strong bond therebetween is provided. The method comprises sanding a first strip formed of steel; and applying a layer of first particles, typically formed of copper, to the sanded first strip. The method next includes heating the first strip and the layer of the first particles, followed by pressing a second strip formed of an aluminum alloy onto the heated layer of the first particles. The aluminum alloy of the second strip includes tin particles, and the heat causes the second particles to liquefy and dissolve into the melted first particles. The first particles and the second particles bond together to form bond enhancing metal particles, which typically comprise bronze.
1. A method of forming a bi-material strip, comprising the steps of:
providing a first strip formed of steel;
applying a layer of first particles to the first strip, the first particles being formed primarily of copper;
heating the layer of the first particles applied to the first strip;
applying a second strip to the heated layer of the first particles, wherein the second strip is formed of an aluminum alloy including second particles formed of tin such that the tin of the second particles bonds to the copper of the first particles and forms bond enhancing particles of bronze between the first strip and the second strip.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of applying the second strip to the layer of the first particles includes pressing a lower surface of the second strip onto the layer of the first particles while the layer of the first particles is hot.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pressing step includes dissolving the second particles into the first particles.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pressing step includes liquefying at least some of the second particles along the lower surface of the second strip.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pressing step includes feeding the first strip and the second strip through a roller such that the layer of the first particles is sandwiched between the first strip and the second strip.
6. The method of claim 1 including sanding an upper surface of the first strip prior to applying the layer of the first particles.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first particles have a particle size of 0.05 millimeters and the layer of the first particles has a thickness of 0.1 millimeters.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating step includes interacting at least some of the first particles with the steel of the first strip.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating step includes induction heating.
10. The method of claim 1 including exposing the layer of the first particles and the first strip to an atmosphere including hydrogen to reduce the amount of oxides formed on the first strip and on the first particles after the heating step and before applying the second strip to the layer of the first particles.
11. The method of claim 1 including using the bi-material strip in a bearing, bushing, or washer.
12. The method of claim 1 including feeding the bi-material strip through a quenching tank filled with a coolant after applying the second strip to the layer of the first particles.
13. A method of forming a bi-material strip, comprising the steps of:
providing a first strip formed of steel;
cleaning the first strip by feeding the first strip through a cleaning assembly to remove contaminants therefrom;
the cleaning step including sanding an upper surface of the first strip;
providing first particles having a nominal size of approximately 0.05 millimeters and formed primarily of copper;
applying the first particles to the upper surface of the first strip until the first particles form a layer having a thickness of approximately 0.1 millimeters;
the applying step including spreading the first particles over the upper surface of the first strip;
heating the first strip with the layer of the first particles to a predetermined temperature, wherein the predetermined temperature is high enough to at least partially melt the first particles and the steel along the upper surface of the first strip;
the heating step including feeding the first strip through an induction heater;
the heating step including interacting at least some of the first particles with the steel of the first strip;
reducing the amount of oxides formed on the first particles and on the upper surface of the first strip;
the reducing step including exposing the first strip with the layer of the first particles to an atmosphere including hydrogen;
providing a second strip formed of an aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy including second particles formed of tin;
pressing a lower surface of the second strip onto the layer of the first particles on the first strip while the first strip and the first particles are still heated to form a bi-material strip;
the pressing step including feeding the first strip and the second strip through a roller such that the layer of the first particles is sandwiched between the first strip and the second strip;
the pressing step including liquefying at least some of the second particles along the lower surface of the second strip;
the pressing step including bonding the first particles to the second particles;
the bonding step including forming bond enhancing metal particles including bronze from the copper of the first particles and the tin of the second particles between the first strip and the second strip;
cooling the bi-material strip to a predetermined temperature; and
the cooling step including feeding the bi-material strip through a quenching tank filled with a coolant.