Operating a static transfer switch to eliminate transformer inrush current in the presence of residual flux
View Patent ↗A method is provided for operating a static transfer switch to eliminate transformer inrush current in the presence of residual flux. The method includes: detecting an interrupt of electric power at an output terminal of the static transfer switch; controlling amplitude of voltage at the output terminal using phase fired control of one or more silicon controlled rectifiers interposed between a voltage source and the output terminal, where the amplitude of voltage is set at a value less than a peak value of the sinusoidal waveform; and increasing the amplitude of voltage at the output terminal incrementally until the amplitude reaches a peak value.
1. A static transfer switch, comprising:
a preferred input terminal configured to receive electric power from a preferred voltage source;
an alternate input terminal configured to receive electric power from an alternate voltage source, where the electric power from the preferred voltage source and the alternate voltage source has a sinusoidal waveform;
a load terminal electrically coupled to a transformer;
a first switch arrangement electrically connected between the preferred input terminal and the load terminal, wherein the first switch arrangement includes one or more semiconductor switches;
a second switch arrangement electrically connected between the alternate input terminal and the load terminal, wherein the second switch arrangement includes one or more semiconductor switches; and
a controller configured to monitor operating parameters of at least one of the preferred voltage source and the alternate voltage source, and operates to selectively couple one of the preferred voltage source or the alternate voltage source to the load terminal in accordance with the monitored operating parameters, wherein the controller is interfaced with the semiconductor switches and, upon detecting an interruption of electric power at the load terminal, controls conductive state of the semiconductor switches in a startup mode such that amplitude of the voltage at the load terminal is set to a value substantially less than a peak value of the sinusoidal waveform and increases incrementally to the peak value to thereby remove any residual flux in the transformer and thus maintain magnetic flux in the transformer within an acceptable range, wherein the sinusoidal waveform alternatively applies positive and negative polarity voltages.
2. The static transfer switch of claim 1 wherein the semiconductor switches are further defined as silicon controlled rectifiers.
3. The static transfer switch of claim 1 wherein the first switch arrangement is further defined as two silicon-controller rectifiers arranged in parallel with each other in a back-to-back configuration.
4. The static transfer switch of claim 1 wherein the controller controls the conductive state of the semiconductor switches using phase fired control.
5. The static transfer switch of claim 1 wherein the controller controls the conductive state of the semiconductor switches in the startup mode upon detecting an interrupt of electric power that exceeds one cycle in the sinusoidal waveform.
6. The static transfer switch of claim 1 wherein the controller controls conductive state of the semiconductor switches to increase the voltage at the load terminal linearly until the amplitude reaches the peak value.
7. The static transfer switch of claim 1 wherein the controller controls the conductive state of the semiconductor switches to electrically couple the preferred input terminal to the load terminal and further controls the conductive state of the semiconductor switches to electrically couple the alternate input terminal to the load terminal and uncouple the preferred input terminal to the load terminal when the operating parameters for the preferred voltage source fall outside an acceptable range of operating parameters.
8. A method for operating a static transfer switch electrically coupled to a transformer, comprising:
detecting, by a controller, an interrupt in a voltage applied to at a load terminal of the static transfer switch, where the voltage is selectively supplied from one of two voltage sources having a sinusoidal waveform;
controlling, by the controller, amplitude of the voltage at the load terminal using phase fired control of one or more silicon-controlled rectifiers interposed between each of the voltage sources and the load terminal, where controlling amplitude of the voltage is in response to detecting the interrupt in voltage at the load terminal and the amplitude of voltage, which alternates between positive and negative polarity voltages, is set at a value less than a peak value of the sinusoidal waveform; and
increasing the amplitude of voltage at the load terminal incrementally over a given time period until the amplitude reaches a peak value to thereby remove any residual flux in the transformer and thus maintain magnetic flux in the transformer within an acceptable range.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprises monitoring voltage applied to the output terminal and detecting an interrupt in the voltage that exceeds one cycle in the sinusoidal waveform of the voltage.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein controlling amplitude at the output terminal further comprises determining a phase angle for turning on the rectifiers based on frequency of the sinusoidal waveform and the given time period, and turning on the rectifiers at the determined phase angle.
11. The method of claim 8 further comprises increasing the amplitude of voltage at the load terminal linearly until the amplitude reaches the peak value.
12. The method of claim 8 further comprises
receiving the voltage applied to the load terminal from a preferred voltage source;
monitoring the voltage in relation to an acceptable range of operating parameters; and
selectively coupling the load terminal to an alternate voltage source when the voltage falls outside the acceptable range of operating parameters.
13. A static transfer switch, comprising:
a preferred input terminal configured to receive an AC voltage signal from a preferred voltage source;
an alternate input terminal configured to receive an AC voltage signal from an alternate voltage source;
a load terminal;
a transformer coupled directly to the load terminal;
a first switch arrangement electrically connected between the preferred input terminal and the load terminal, wherein the first switch arrangement includes one or more semiconductor switches;
a second switch arrangement electrically connected between the alternate input terminal and the load terminal, wherein the second switch arrangement includes one or more semiconductor switches; and
a controller that monitors voltage at the load terminal and controls conductive state of the semiconductor switches to selectively output voltage from either the preferred input terminal or the alternate input terminal to the load terminal, wherein the controller, upon detecting an interruption of electric power at the load terminal, controls conductive state of the semiconductor switches in a startup mode such that amplitude of the voltage at the load terminal is set to a value substantially less than a peak value of the sinusoidal waveform and increases incrementally to the peak value to thereby remove any residual flux in the transformer and thus maintain magnetic flux in the transformer within an acceptable range, wherein the sinusoidal waveform alternatively applies positive and negative polarity voltages.
14. The static transfer switch of claim 13 wherein the controller controls the conductive state of the semiconductor switches in the startup mode following an interrupt that in that exceeds one cycle in the AC voltage signal.
15. The static transfer switch of claim 14 wherein the semiconductor switches are further defined as silicon controlled rectifiers.
16. The static transfer switch of claim 13 wherein the controller controls the conductive state of the semiconductor switches using phase fired control.