LASER-ENGRAVEABLE ELEMENTS AND METHOD OF USE
A composition comprises a fluoropolymer such as an elastomeric fluoropolymer and at least 1 weight % of a fluoro-functionalized near-infrared radiation absorber. This composition can be formed into laser-engraveable layers for various elements that can be laser-engraved to provide relief images. The resulting laser-engraved elements can take various forms including flexographic printing members, and can be used to apply various inks to receiver materials in an imagewise fashion.
1 . A method for providing a laser-engraveable element, comprising:
combining a reactive fluoropolymer, a fluoro-functionalized near-infrared radiation absorber, and a compound that causes crosslinking of the reactive fluoropolymer during thermal curing, to form a reactive fluoropolymer composition,
forming the reactive fluoropolymer composition into a reactive fluoropolymer layer, and
thermally curing the reactive fluoropolymer layer to provide a laser-engraveable layer comprising a fluoropolymer and the near-infrared radiation absorber.
2 . The method of claim 1 comprising:
forming the reactive fluoropolymer composition into a reactive fluoropolymer layer over a substrate, and
thermally curing the reactive fluoropolymer layer to provide a laser-engraveable layer over the substrate.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of a polymeric film, a fabric-containing web, a ceramic, a metal, and a glass.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive fluoropolymer comprises at least two reactive groups selected from the group consisting of α,β-ethylenically unsaturated groups, hydroxy, carboxy, isocyanate, (meth)acrylate, amine, thiol, carbonyl, alkene, alkyne, epoxide, azide, boronic acid, and organic phosphate groups.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactive fluoropolymer is a multifunctional (meth)acrylate and the compound that causes crosslinking during thermal curing is a peroxide, azo compound, persulfate, or redox initiator.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein upon thermal curing, the reactive fluoropolymer provides an elastomeric fluoropolymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ) of less than or equal to 0° C.
7 . The method of claim 1 , comprising forming the reactive fluoropolymer composition in a mold prior to thermally curing the reactive fluoropolymer composition to form a laser-engraveable layer in the mold.
8 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
applying a non-laser-engraveable composition over a substrate to form a non-laser-engraveable layer over the substrate,
applying the reactive fluoropolymer composition to the non-laser-engraveable layer, and
thermally curing the reactive fluoropolymer composition to form a laser-engraveable layer on the non-laser-engraveable layer.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
applying a non-fluoropolymer laser-engraveable composition over a substrate to form a laser-engraveable layer over the substrate,
applying the reactive fluoropolymer composition to the non-fluoropolymer laser-engraveable layer, and
thermally curing the reactive fluoropolymer composition to form a laser-engraveable layer on the non-fluoropolymer laser-engraveable layer.
10 . The method of claim 1 further comprising:
applying the reactive fluoropolymer composition over a substrate,
before or after applying the reactive fluoropolymer composition over the substrate, applying an additional reactive fluoropolymer composition over the substrate,
wherein the reactive fluoropolymer composition and the additional reactive fluoropolymer composition have the same or different chemical composition, and
thermally curing both the reactive fluoropolymer composition and the additional reactive fluoropolymer composition to form first and second laser-engraveable layers over the substrate.
11 . A method for providing a relief image, comprising:
laser-engraving the laser-engraveable element, to provide a laser-engraved element having a relief image in the laser-engraveable layer,
wherein the laser-engraveable element comprises a laser-engraveable layer that comprises: 1) a fluoropolymer, and 2) at least 1 weight % of a fluoro-functionalized near-infrared radiation absorber, based on the total dry laser-engraveable layer weight.
12 . The method of claim 11 to provide a flexographic printing member, comprising:
laser-engraving the laser-engraveable element that is a flexographic printing precursor, to provide a flexographic printing member having a relief image in the laser-engraveable layer, the relief image having a minimum relief image depth of at least 10 μm.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the laser-engraving is carried out using one or more near-infrared radiation emitting lasers.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the laser-engraveable layer has a dry thickness of at least 0.05 μm and up to and including 4,000 μm.
15 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
using the laser-engraved element to print an ink pattern.
16 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
using the laser-engraved element to print a pattern with an electrically conductive ink.
17 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
using the laser-engraved element to print a pattern with a silver-containing ink.
18 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the fluoro-functionalized near-infrared radiation absorber is a fluoro-functionalized carbon black, fluoro-functionalized carbon nanotubes, fluoro-functionalized graphene, or fluoro-functionalized dye, or a mixture or combination of any of these materials, and the fluoropolymer is an elastomeric fluoropolymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ) of less than or equal to 0° C.
19 . A method of printing, comprising:
applying an ink to a laser-engraved element comprising a relief image layer having a relief image having a minimum relief image depth of at least 10 μm, to form an inked element, the relief image layer comprising:
1) a fluoropolymer, and
2) at least 1 weight % of a fluoro-functionalized near-infrared radiation absorber, based on the total dry relief image layer weight, and
contacting the inked element with a receiver material to transfer the ink to the receiver material to form an image corresponding to the relief image.
20 . A method for providing a gravure or intaglio printing member, comprising:
laser-engraving the laser-engraveable layer of the laser-engraveable element that is a gravure or intaglio printing precursor, to provide a recessed relief image having a minimum relief depth of at least 10 μm in the resulting gravure or intaglio printing member,
wherein the laser-engraveable element comprises a laser-engraveable layer that comprises: 1) a fluoropolymer, and 2) at least 1 weight % of a fluoro-functionalized near-infrared radiation absorber, based on the total dry laser-engraveable layer weight.