Permanent magnet, and motor and power generator using the same
In one embodiment, a permanent magnet includes a sintered compact including: a composition expressed by a composition formula: R p Fe q M r Cu s Co 100-p-q-r-s (R is at least one element selected from rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Zr, Ti, and Hf, 10≤p≤13.3 at %, 25≤q≤40 at %, 0.87≤r≤5.4 at %, and 3.5≤s≤13.5 at %); and a metallic structure having a main phase including a Th 2 Zn 17 crystal phase, and an R-M-rich phase containing the element R whose concentration is 1.2 times or more an R concentration in the main phase and the element M whose concentration is 1.2 times or more an M concentration in the main phase. A volume fraction of the R-M-rich phase in the metallic structure is from 0.2% to 15%.
1. A permanent magnet, comprising
a sintered compact including:
a composition expressed by a composition formula:
R p Fe q M r Cu s Co 100-p-q-r-s ,
wherein R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of rare-earth elements, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti), and hafnium (Hf), p is a number satisfying 10≤p≤13.3 at %, q is a number satisfying 25≤q≤40 at %, r is a number satisfying 0.87≤r≤5.4 at %, and s is a number satisfying 3.5≤s≤13.5 at %; and
a metallic structure having a main phase including a Th 2 Zn 17 crystal phase and containing the element R and the element M, and an R-M-rich phase containing the element R whose concentration is 1.2 times or more of an R concentration in the main phase and the element M whose concentration is 1.2 times or more of an M concentration in the main phase,
wherein a volume fraction of the R-M-rich phase in the metallic structure is 0.5% or more and 2% or less as measured by SEM-EDX (SEM-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and EPMA (Electron Probe Micro Analyzer),
wherein the main phase includes a cell phase having the Th 2 Zn 17 crystal phase, and a cell wall phase existing so as to surround the cell phase, and
wherein the sintered compact has crystal grains each composed of the main phase and grain boundaries of the crystal grains, and an average grain size of the crystal grains is 51 μm or more and 120 μm or less.
2. The permanent magnet according to claim 1 ,
wherein the R-M-rich phase exists in the grain boundary.
3. The permanent magnet according to claim 1 ,
wherein 50 at % or more of the amount of the element R in the composition formula is samarium (Sm), and 50 at % or more of the amount of the element M in the composition formula is zirconium (Zr).
4. The permanent magnet according to claim 1 ,
wherein 20 at % or less of the amount of the cobalt (Co) in the composition formula is substituted by at least one element A selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W).
5. A motor comprising the permanent magnet according to claim 1 .
6. A power generator comprising the permanent magnet according to claim 1 .