Positive electrode for nonaqueous secondary battery, method for forming the same, nonaqueous secondary battery, and electrical device
A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery including an active material layer which has sufficient electron conductivity with a low ratio of a conductive additive is provided. A positive electrode for a nonaqueous secondary battery including an active material layer which is highly filled with an active material, id est, including the active material and a low ratio of a conductive additive. The active material layer includes a plurality of particles of an active material with a layered rock salt structure, graphene that is in surface contact with the plurality of particles of the active material, and a binder.
1. A positive electrode comprising:
a current collector; and
an active material layer over the current collector, the active material layer comprising:
a plurality of particles of an active material having a layered rock salt structure; and
a piece of graphene,
wherein a ratio of the oxygen in the piece of graphene is higher than or equal to 2 atomic % and lower than or equal to 20 atomic %, and
wherein the piece of graphene is in surface contact with at least one of the plurality of particles of the active material.
2. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the active material comprises lithium and a metal selected from nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
3. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the active material is selected from LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , Li 2 MnO 3 , LiNi x Co 1-x O 2 (0<x<1), LiNi x Mn 1-x O 2 (0<x<1), and LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2 (x>0, y>0, x+y<1).
4. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the active material has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm.
5. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a length of one side of the piece of the graphene is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 100 μm.
6. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the piece of the graphene is a single layer or a multilayer including more than or equal to 2 layers and less than or equal to 100 layers.
7. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the graphene to the active material layer is less than 5.3 wt %.
8. A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising the positive electrode according to claim 1 .
9. An electrical device comprising the nonaqueous secondary battery according to claim 8 .
10. A positive electrode comprising:
a current collector; and
a positive electrode active material layer over the current collector, the positive electrode active material layer comprising:
a plurality of particles of an active material;
a piece of graphene,
wherein a ratio of the oxygen in the piece of graphene is higher than or equal to 2 atomic % and lower than or equal to 20 atomic %, and
wherein the piece of graphene is in surface contact with one of the plurality of particles, and
wherein the active material is selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, and a complex of any of the lithium cobalt oxide, the lithium manganese oxide, and the lithium nickel oxide.
11. The positive electrode according to claim 10 , wherein the active material has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to 1 μm and less than or equal to 50 μm.
12. The positive electrode according to claim 10 , wherein a length of one side of the piece of the graphene is greater than or equal to 50 nm and less than or equal to 100 μm.
13. The positive electrode according to claim 10 , wherein the piece of the graphene is a single layer or a multilayer including more than or equal to 2 layers and less than or equal to 100 layers.
14. A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising the positive electrode according to claim 10 .
15. An electrical device comprising the nonaqueous secondary battery according to claim 14 .
16. A method for forming a positive electrode, comprising the steps of:
forming a dispersion liquid comprising a piece of graphene oxide;
forming a mixture by mixing an active material particle having a layered rock salt structure with the dispersion liquid so that the piece of graphene oxide is in surface contact with the active material particle; and
reducing the piece of graphene oxide,
wherein a ratio of the oxygen in the piece of graphene is higher than or equal to 2 atomic % and lower than or equal to 20 atomic %.
17. The method for forming a positive electrode according to claim 16 , further comprising the steps of:
forming a paste by mixing a binder with the mixture after forming the mixture;
applying the paste to a current collector to form an active material layer; and
drying the paste.
18. The method for forming a positive electrode according to claim 16 , wherein the piece of the graphene oxide is a single layer or a multilayer including more than or equal to 2 layers and less than or equal to 100 layers.
19. The positive electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the active material layer further comprises a binder.
20. The positive electrode according to claim 10 , wherein the active material layer further comprises a binder.