Passive nasal peep devices
Described herein are passive nasal respiratory devices, in particular, passive nasal respiratory devices configured to achieve positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in a subject wearing the device. PEEP devices may have a threshold pressure for opening during expiration. These devices may include a flap valve that opens on inhalation nested with a spring valve that opens when exhalation pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold. The device may be configured to be comfortably worn by a sleeping subject.
1. A nasal respiratory device for inducing positive end-expiratory pressure that is configured to be worn in communication with a subject's nose, the device comprising:
a body region having an opening;
a first passive airflow resistor in communication with the opening, wherein the first passive airflow resistor is configured to open during inhalation, and substantially close during exhalation;
a second passive airflow resistor that is configured to open during exhalation from a closed position when expiratory pressure is greater than a non-zero threshold pressure, so that the second passive airflow resistor opens when the expiratory pressure across the second airflow resistor exceeds the threshold pressure for opening during expiration; and
a holdfast configured to adhesively secure the device over, across or within one or both of a subject's nostrils without covering the subject's mouth.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first passive airflow resistor is a flap valve.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first passive airflow resistor is a plurality of flap valves.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second passive airflow resistor is nested relative to the first passive airflow resistor.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second passive airflow resistor includes a biasing element preventing opening below the threshold pressure.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the biasing element is a spring.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the holdfast is configured to secure the device over both of the subjects nostrils.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the opening is formed through a housing.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the housing houses the first passive airflow resistor and the second passive airflow resistor.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second passive airflow resistor comprises a piston member configured to be displaced when the expiratory pressure is above the threshold pressure.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the threshold pressure is between about 1 cm H 2 O and about 20 cm H 2 O.
12. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a nasal airflow monitor to measure nasal airflow.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein the nasal airflow monitor comprises a cannula attachment configured to couple to a nasal cannula.
14. The device of claim 1 , wherein the holdfast includes a compliant material with an adhesive.
15. The device of claim 1 , wherein the holdfast is configured to secure at least a portion of the body within the one or both of the subject's nostrils.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the holdfast is configured to secure at least a portion of the body outside of the one or both of the subject's nostrils.
17. A nasal respiratory device for inducing positive end-expiratory pressure that is configured to be worn in communication with a subject's nose, the device comprising:
a housing forming an opening and having a body region;
a first airflow resistor within the housing and configured to open during inhalation through the opening and close during exhalation through the opening;
a second airflow resistor within the housing wherein the second airflow resistor is configured to have a non-zero threshold pressure for opening from a closed position during expiration through the opening, so that the second airflow resistor opens when a pressure across the second airflow resistor exceeds the threshold pressure for opening during expiration; and
an adhesive holdfast extending from the housing and configured to secure the device over, across or within one or both of a subject's nostrils without covering the subject's mouth.